转化性使用研究
发布时间：2019-06-01 21:59
【摘要】：我国合理使用制度机械地移植了美国合理使用中的“四要素标准”,从而忽视了转化性使用在合理使用认定中的地位。因此,没有认识到转化性使用存在的正当性,并且对于转化性使用没有一个统一的判断标准。转化性使用是指一个二次使用原作的行为增加了原作的价值或者说是创造出原作所不具有的新的信息、新的艺术美感、新的视野或者是新的理解。转化性使用与合理使用密不可分但又有千差万别,一个使用行为转化程度越高越有可能构成合理使用,但这也并不代表对合理使用的认定不需要考量合理使用的另外三项构成要素。转化性使用理论的理论根基在于:第一,作品本质——传播性以及有益于外部性的特征是转化性使用得以存在的正当性理论基础;第二,对于使用行为的研究是转化与否的界分。在此基础之上,以转化性使用的基本概念与转化性使用的理论根基为分类标准比以文学艺术作品的门类为分类标准更具有开放性与可操作性。因此,将转化性使用分为内容转化性使用、目的转化性使用和内容与目的相结合的转化性使用。内容转化性使用这一类别常常被忽视,并且更有甚者将属于内容转化性使用的案件直接适用目的转化性使用的标准来认定或是加入自己的认定标准。内容转化性使用需要解决的中心的问题是需要对原作哪些内容、多少内容进行转化,并需要判断转化出了多少新的内容,在此问题的研究上得出了内容转化性使用的判断标准,即需要考查原作的内容是否具有可分性,从而划分出更小的元素来辨识其是否是“二次使用行为”所必不可少的。目的转化性使用最集中的问题在于判断文章的目的时应从谁的视角出发才是正确的路径,普通民众的合理感知才是正确的路径。从而得出一个具有层次性的判断目的转化性使用标准:先分析原作与新作的基础性目的,如果基础性目的是相同的再深入考量作品的附加性目的,通过这个层次性的判断标准解决目的转化性使用的适用。在内容与目的相结合的转化性使用这一类别中,主要要解决的是内容与目的这两个方面在判断顺序上容易发生争议。由于文章的目的首先会呈现在读者的眼前,并且对于内容转化性使用在辨别的时候也是先考察文章的基础性目的与附加性目的,所以以遵照客观事实的态度,在认定内容与目的相结合的转化性使用时,先要判断其是否构成目的性转化性使用,之后再考察是否构成内容转化性使用。
[Abstract]:The rational use system in China mechanically transplants the "four elements standard" in the rational use of the United States, thus neglecting the position of transformational use in the identification of rational use. Therefore, there is no recognition of the legitimacy of transformational use, and there is no unified criterion for transformational use. Transformational use refers to the fact that a secondary use of the original increases the value of the original or creates a new information, a new artistic aesthetic, a new vision, or a new understanding that the original does not have. Transformational use is inextricably linked to rational use, but it varies widely. The higher the degree of transformation of a use behavior, the more likely it is to constitute a reasonable use. But this does not mean that the determination of reasonable use does not need to consider the other three elements of reasonable use. The theoretical basis of the theory of transformational use lies in: first, the essence of the work-dissemination and the characteristics beneficial to externality are the legitimacy theoretical basis for the existence of transformational use; Second, the study of usage behavior is the boundary of transformation or not. On this basis, it is more open and operable to take the basic concept of transformational use and the theoretical basis of transformational use as the classification standard than to take the categories of literary and artistic works as the classification standard. Therefore, the transformational use is divided into the transformative use of content, the transformative use of purpose and the transformative use of the combination of content and purpose. The category of content transformational use is often ignored, and what's more, the cases that belong to the transformative use of content directly apply the standard of transformative use of purpose to identify or add their own criteria. The central problem to be solved in the use of content conversion is what and how much content of the original work needs to be transformed, and how many new contents need to be judged, and the criteria for judging the use of content conversion are obtained in the study of this problem. That is to say, it is necessary to check whether the content of the original work is divisible, so as to divide smaller elements into smaller elements to identify whether it is a "secondary use behavior". The most concentrated problem of objective transformative use is whose perspective should be used to judge the purpose of the article, and the reasonable perception of ordinary people is the correct path. Thus, a hierarchical criterion for the conversion of the purpose is obtained: first, the basic purpose of the original work and the new work is analyzed, and then the additional purpose of the work is considered in depth if the basic purpose is the same. Through this hierarchical criterion to solve the application of purpose conversion. In the category of transformative use of the combination of content and purpose, the main solution is that the two aspects of content and purpose are prone to dispute in the order of judgment. Because the purpose of the article will first appear in front of the readers, and the use of content transformation is also the first to examine the basic purpose and additional purpose of the article, so it is in accordance with the objective facts. When determining the transformative use of the combination of content and purpose, it is necessary to judge whether it constitutes purposeful transformative use, and then to investigate whether it constitutes the transformative use of content.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.41
本文编号：2490615
[Abstract]:The rational use system in China mechanically transplants the "four elements standard" in the rational use of the United States, thus neglecting the position of transformational use in the identification of rational use. Therefore, there is no recognition of the legitimacy of transformational use, and there is no unified criterion for transformational use. Transformational use refers to the fact that a secondary use of the original increases the value of the original or creates a new information, a new artistic aesthetic, a new vision, or a new understanding that the original does not have. Transformational use is inextricably linked to rational use, but it varies widely. The higher the degree of transformation of a use behavior, the more likely it is to constitute a reasonable use. But this does not mean that the determination of reasonable use does not need to consider the other three elements of reasonable use. The theoretical basis of the theory of transformational use lies in: first, the essence of the work-dissemination and the characteristics beneficial to externality are the legitimacy theoretical basis for the existence of transformational use; Second, the study of usage behavior is the boundary of transformation or not. On this basis, it is more open and operable to take the basic concept of transformational use and the theoretical basis of transformational use as the classification standard than to take the categories of literary and artistic works as the classification standard. Therefore, the transformational use is divided into the transformative use of content, the transformative use of purpose and the transformative use of the combination of content and purpose. The category of content transformational use is often ignored, and what's more, the cases that belong to the transformative use of content directly apply the standard of transformative use of purpose to identify or add their own criteria. The central problem to be solved in the use of content conversion is what and how much content of the original work needs to be transformed, and how many new contents need to be judged, and the criteria for judging the use of content conversion are obtained in the study of this problem. That is to say, it is necessary to check whether the content of the original work is divisible, so as to divide smaller elements into smaller elements to identify whether it is a "secondary use behavior". The most concentrated problem of objective transformative use is whose perspective should be used to judge the purpose of the article, and the reasonable perception of ordinary people is the correct path. Thus, a hierarchical criterion for the conversion of the purpose is obtained: first, the basic purpose of the original work and the new work is analyzed, and then the additional purpose of the work is considered in depth if the basic purpose is the same. Through this hierarchical criterion to solve the application of purpose conversion. In the category of transformative use of the combination of content and purpose, the main solution is that the two aspects of content and purpose are prone to dispute in the order of judgment. Because the purpose of the article will first appear in front of the readers, and the use of content transformation is also the first to examine the basic purpose and additional purpose of the article, so it is in accordance with the objective facts. When determining the transformative use of the combination of content and purpose, it is necessary to judge whether it constitutes purposeful transformative use, and then to investigate whether it constitutes the transformative use of content.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.41
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