新中国成立初期留学生归国潮研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 04:01

本文选题：新中国　切入点：留学生　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：新中国的成立,结束了我国自鸦片战争以来被帝国主义国家压迫和奴役的屈辱历史,从此进入到中国共产党领导人民进行经济恢复和国家建设的轨道上来。而进行经济恢复和国家建设面临的最大难题就是各类科技专门人才奇缺。为此,中国共产党运用各种途径积极争取海外留学生回国,掀起了新中国历史上第一次留学生归国潮。海外留学生的归国,一定程度上缓解了这一时期我国人才紧缺的局面,对新中国的建设事业作出了重大贡献。新中国成立初期的留学生归国潮,在中国留学史和中华人民共和国史上谱写下了光辉的篇章,也必然成为中国留学史和人才发展史领域的重要研究课题,面对当代激烈的人才争夺国际局势,认真研究这一时期的留学生归国潮,对当前处在“人才流失大国之首”的中国具有重要的借鉴和启发意义,论文分为四大部分来阐述。第一部分重点阐释了论文选题的理论意义和现实意义、学术界对此论题的研究现状、论文采用的研究方法以及创新之处。第二部分主要分析了新中国成立初期留学生归国潮的历史背景和基本概况。就其历史背景而言,主要从宏观上对新中国成立初期的国际国内形势进行了分析。对留学生归国潮的基本历程,则分为高涨、低谷、回暖三个阶段进行阐述。第三部分从党和国家、社会团体、留学生自身三个层面入手,分析了新中国成立初期留学生归国潮的成因,总结归纳了这一时期留学生归国潮的特点,主要从留学生归国潮所呈现出的基本趋势、产生的社会效应以及所表现出的强烈的报国之志三个方面进行分析。第四部分则主要阐述了新中国成立初期留学生归国潮的历史贡献和现实启示。就历史贡献层面而言,主要阐述了归国留学生群体在各科学领域的突出成就,概括了他们在新中国教育、国防及外交事业的发展方面的突出成就。就现实启示层面而言,则主要从制定合理的留学生政策,建立健全人才体制机制,优化国内相关环境,增强留学生的人文关怀,弘扬爱国主义民族精神这五个方面来论述。
[Abstract]:The founding of New China put an end to the humiliating history of our country being oppressed and enslaved by imperialist countries since the Opium War. Since then, the Communist Party of China has led the people on the track of economic recovery and national construction. The biggest problem in carrying out economic recovery and national construction is the great shortage of specialized scientific and technological personnel of all kinds. For this reason, The Communist Party of China has actively sought the return of overseas students through various channels, setting off the first wave of returned students in the history of the people's Republic of China. To some extent, the return of overseas students alleviated the shortage of talents in our country during this period. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the tide of overseas students returning to China has written a glorious chapter in the history of studying abroad in China and in the history of the people's Republic of China. It is also bound to become an important research topic in the history of Chinese study abroad and in the field of the history of talent development. In the face of the fierce international situation of the contemporary talent race, we must seriously study the tide of returning students from this period of time. It has important reference and enlightening significance for China, which is currently in the "head of the great country of brain drain". The thesis is divided into four parts to elaborate. The first part mainly explains the theoretical and practical significance of the selected topic of the thesis. The second part mainly analyzes the historical background and basic situation of the tide of overseas students returning to China in the early stage of the founding of New China. As far as its historical background is concerned, It mainly analyzes the international and domestic situation in the early days of the founding of New China from a macro perspective. The basic course of the tide of overseas students returning to China is divided into three stages: upsurge, trough and warming. The third part is from the party, the state, and social organizations. Starting with the three levels of foreign students themselves, this paper analyzes the causes of the return tide of foreign students in the early stage of the founding of New China, summarizes the characteristics of the tide of returning students abroad in this period, and mainly presents the basic trend from the tide of returning students to the country. The fourth part mainly expounds the historical contribution and realistic enlightenment of the tide of overseas students returning to the country in the early period of the founding of New China. This paper mainly expounds the outstanding achievements of returned overseas students in various fields of science, and summarizes their outstanding achievements in the development of education, national defense and foreign affairs in New China. It is mainly discussed from the following five aspects: making a reasonable policy for foreign students, establishing and perfecting the system of talents, optimizing the relevant domestic environment, strengthening the humanistic care of foreign students, and carrying forward the national spirit of patriotism.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D232

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