国家治理现代化背景下的中国共产党适应性变革

发布时间：2018-03-26 05:15

本文选题：国家治理现代化　切入点：中国共产党　出处：《山东大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：政党适应性(变革)是连接政党发展理论与实践的“桥梁”,因而受到学术界和实务界的普遍关注。对于中国共产党而言,作为一个社会主义大国的领导党和执政党,适应性变革自然是无可回避的问题。事实上,中国共产党自诞生以来不断根据客观环境与任务目标的变化,进行自身建设和治国理政方面的探索与适应性变革,在实践中摸索前进,在反复试错中总结经验并吸取教训,在逐步推进中不断调整和完善,积累了许多适应性变革的经验教训。当前,面对新形势与新任务,中国共产党提出全面深化改革的总目标,即完善社会主义制度和推进国家治理现代化。这两个方面是相辅相成、互相促进的,顺利推进国家治理现代化,必须从中国特色社会主义制度的本质出发,准确把握国家治理现代化的内涵,适应新形势下加强党的建设以及党的领导与执政的新要求,在相关各领域进行必要的适应性变革。“治理”和“现代化”的概念都是“舶来品”,全面准确理解中国语境中的国家治理现代化,必须着眼于中国的历史与现实,以中国发展中遇到的问题为导向,突出中国特色、中国风格和中国气派,同时吸收国内外相关概念中的合理成分,并在具体的运作手段上借鉴西方有益的经验和做法。具体而言,需要遵循三个方面的基本原则：一是中国性原则。推进国家治理现代化必须坚持党的领导地位,充分发挥党的主导作用,这要求我们坚持从严治党、不断地加强和完善党的领导。二是时代性特征。全球化和区域一体化使任何国家都不能独立于世界体系之外,必须在相互依存中互相学习借鉴,这要求我们借鉴西方治理理论中的一些有益成分和实践中的一些成功经验。三是系统性特征。对于国家治理现代化而言,治理体系的制度机制要完善配套,治理结构系统要完备,治理领域要综合全面,这要求中国共产党综合使用法治与德治的手段,完善各项制度机制,处理好党与国家和社会的关系。中国共产党在中国特色社会主义事业中发挥着总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用,这决定了党在自身建设领域的适应性变革是顺利推进国家治理现代化的根本保障。过去几十年,中国共产党根据世情、国情和党情的变化,进行了一系列的适应性变革,从思想、组织、作风、反腐倡廉方面加强了自身建设。但是,面对全面从严治党和国家治理现代化的新形势和新要求,中国共产党还需要继续坚持党要管党、全面从严治党的方针,进一步加强适应性变革。实现路径体现为三个方面：一是通过党内制度建设加强对党员干部的管理；二是自觉地接受党内外群众和党组织的监督,加强对权力的制度约束；三是增加党组织的凝聚力。从政党与国家关系的角度看,中国共产党是领导党和执政党,它与国家政权之间存在领导和执政的关系。由于党在国家治理现代化中的“双重身份”以及党与国家之间的“双重关系”,中国共产党在政党与国家关系领域的适应性变革对于推进国家治理现代化具有主导性推动作用。由于革命需要和苏联模式影响,从新中国成立到“文化大革命”结束,我国长期实行“党政合一”的一元化领导体制。这种体制在国家政权初创时期显示了决策快、效率高等优点,但随着经济社会的发展,高度一元化的领导体制的弊端日益显现。因此,中国共产党自改革开放以来对政党—国家关系进行了一系列适应性变革,经历了从“以党代政”到“党政分开”再到停止“党政分开”的波折,体现了从人治到法治的思路转换。当前,推进国家治理现代化的任务要求进一步规范政党—国家关系,既要准确把握中国共产党与国家政权关系的独特性,又要保障国家机构的自主性,还要促进国家机关的高效运转。从政党与社会关系的角度看,社会是政党产生、存在和发展的基础,中国共产党和社会的关系更是如此。从国家治理的角度看,社会是中国特色社会社会主义现代化建设的一个重要方面,党在政党与国家关系领域的适应性变革是推进国家治理现代化的重要基础。改革开放以来,中国社会发生了深刻的变化,这对中国共产党的领导和执政产生了重大影响。从历史上看,中国共产党在处理领导与执政的关系方面有过不成功的教训,也进行了适时的变革与调整,并取得了明显的效果。当前,中国共产党更需要根据形势与任务的变化,不断改进在社会领域的领导方式和治理方式。在领导社会治理方面,不仅要加强党组织和党员干部的自身建设,密切党群关系,还要引领社会思潮和价值观念,更要改善领导社会的具体方式方法,不断提高领导能力和领导水平,不断创新社会管理的体制机制。从国家构建的角度看,法治是现代国家的重要标志,是国家治理现代化的核心内容,法治能力建设是中国共产党适应性变革的关键。在推进国家治理现代化的背景下,中国共产党要在规范政党与国家和社会关系的基础上,在治国理政过程中严格依法办事,领导人民全面实现依法治国、党的领导方式法治化和党的执政方式法治化。在党领导法治建设的过程中,始终坚持党的领导、坚持以人民的根本利益为出发点、坚持法律面前人人平等、坚持中国特色、坚持从严治党。在积累丰富经验和取得巨大成就的同时,中国共产党在领导法治建设方面的适应性变革也存在一些不足之处,如法律至上的观念不够深入、党内制度执行力度不够、法治与德治的结合程度不够、市场经济中的法治失范现象普遍等。今后,中国共产党在法治建设领域适应性变革的重点是加强党的法治能力建设。本文的研究表明,国家治理、改革开放与中国共产党的适应性变革具有密切的内在联系。概言之,中国共产党适应性变革的外部表现是改革开放,并通过改革开放更好地实现国家治理；改革开放不仅有助于提高国家治理的效果,而且为中国共产党进一步实行党内外适应性变革提供动力；国家治理的成效取决于中国共产党适应性变革的方向和程度,也取决于改革开放实施的力度；同时,国家治理现代化的目标也进一步要求中国共产党适时进行适应性变革,不断深化改革开放。通过梳理和总结中国共产党进行适应性变革的历史实践及其经验教训,可以得出不少对于中国共产党治国理政的有益启示,如不断解放思想,使党的领导水平和领导能力不断得到提升。然而,由于篇幅和能力所限,围绕这一问题的许多讨论并未完全展开,今后还有一些研究领域值得重点关注,如党内制度建设、全面依法治国、全面深化改革等。
[Abstract]:Party adaptation (change) is connected to the development of political parties in the theory and practice of "bridge", which attracted widespread attention in the academic circles and practical circles. China for the Communist Party, as a socialist country, the leadership of the party and the ruling party, change nature is unavoidable. In fact, the Communist Party of Chinese since the birth of time according to the change of external environment and mission objectives, self construction and the rule of exploration and adaptive changes of governance aspects, fumble in practice, summarize the experience and lessons in the trial and error, constantly adjust and improve step by step in advance, experience accumulated a lot of change. At present, facing the new situation and the new task, Chinese Communist Party put forward the overall goal of deepening reform, improve the socialist system and to promote the modernization of national governance. These two aspects are complementary to each other. To promote the smooth progress of the modernization of national governance, we must start from the essence of the socialist system China characteristics, accurately grasp the connotation of the modernization of national governance, to strengthen the construction of the party and the party's leadership and governing the new requirements under the new situation, the adaptability change necessary in the related fields. The concept of "governance" and "modernization" are "exotic", a comprehensive and accurate understanding of Chinese in the context of the modernization of national governance, we must focus on the history and reality of China, to meet Chinese in the development of problem oriented, highlighting the characteristics of China, China style and Chinese style, while absorbing reasonable components related concepts at home and abroad, and the experience and good practices the West in the concrete operation means. Specifically, the basic principles to follow three aspects: one is the China principle. The promotion of national governance modernization must adhere to Hold the leading position of the party, give full play to the leading role of the party, which requires us to adhere strictly, constantly strengthen and improve the party's leadership. The two is the era characteristic of globalization and regional integration. Any country cannot be independent of the world system, must be in the interdependent mutual learning, which requires us to learn some the successful experience of some useful components and the practice of western governance theory in the system is three. Characteristics. For the modernization of national governance system, governance system to perfect governance structure, system to complete, comprehensive governance areas, which requires Chinese Communist Party comprehensive use of law and rule of virtue means, improve the system mechanism that deal with the relationship between the party and the state and society. Chinese Communist Party plays the overall situation in the cause of socialist China characteristics, the core of the leadership for the coordination of the parties Use, which determines the adaptability change party in its own construction field is the fundamental guarantee to the smooth progress of the modernization of national governance. Over the past few decades, the Communist Party of China according to the world situation, national conditions and changes in the party situation, the adaptability of change, from a series of thought, organization, style, anti-corruption to strengthen self construction but. Facing the new situation and new requirements, comprehensive strictly and the modernization of national governance, the Communist Party of China also need to continue to adhere to the party to manage the party strictly, fully, further strengthen the adaptability change. The realization path is three aspects: one is to strengthen the management of Party members and cadres by the party system construction; two consciously. Accept the supervision of the masses inside and outside the party and party organization, strengthen the institutional constraints of power; three is to increase the cohesion of the party. From the relationship between the party and the state's point of view, the Communist Party of China is The leadership of the party and the ruling party, the relationship between it and the national political leadership and the ruling party. Because in the modernization of national governance in the "dual identity" and the party and the state between "dual relationship", Chinese Communist Party in the adaptive changes of the party and the state relations to promote the modernization of national governance plays a leading role in promoting the. The revolution needs and the Soviet model, from new Chinese inception to the end of the "Cultural Revolution" in China "a" unified leadership system of the party state. This kind of system in the period of state power start-up shows high efficiency, quick decision-making, but with the development of social economy, the malpractice of the highly centralized leading system increasingly apparent therefore, since the reform and opening up to the China Communist Party state relationship conducted a series of adaptive changes, from the experience of "one" "The separation" to stop "the separation" twists and turns, embodies the thought of transformation from the rule of man to the rule of law. At present, promote the modernization of national governance tasks to further standardize the party state relationship, not only to accurately grasp the unique relationship between the China Communist Party and state power, but also protect the autonomy of national institutions, but also to promote the efficient operation of the state. The relationship between political parties and the perspective of society, society is the formation of the party, the foundation of the existence and development, the relationship between the Communist Party and the Chinese society is even more so. From the perspective of national governance, the society is an important aspect of social construction of socialist modernization Chinese characteristics, the party is an important foundation for promoting national governance the modernization of the party and the state in the adaptability change relations. Since the reform and opening up, profound changes have taken place in the Chinese China society, the leadership of the Communist Party And the ruling had a significant impact. Historically, the Communist Party of China in dealing with the relationship between leadership and the ruling had unsuccessful lessons, also carried out the reform and adjustment timely, and achieved obvious effect. At present, the Communist Party of China need according to the change of situation and tasks, continuous improvement in the social field the style of leadership and governance. In the leadership of social governance, not only to strengthen the party organizations and Party members and cadres of the self construction, close ties between the party to lead the social thoughts and values, the more society to improve leadership method, continuously improve the leadership and leadership level, system and mechanism of social management innovation. The national construction perspective, the rule of law is an important symbol of the modern country, is the core content of the modernization of national governance, the rule of ability construction is the key China adaptability change. In the Communist Party To promote the modernization of national governance under the background of the Communist Party of China should based on the code of parties and the relation between state and society, in the governance process in strict accordance with the law, leading the people to the full realization of the rule of law, rule of law ruling style of the party's style of leadership and the rule of law of the party. In the process of building the rule of law in the leadership of the party, always adhere to the party's leadership, adhere to the fundamental interests of the people as the starting point, adhere to equality before the law, adhere to the Chinese characteristics, adhere strictly. In the accumulation of rich experience and great achievements in leading the construction of the rule of law at the same time, the adaptability of change Chinese party also has some shortcomings, such as the concept of the supremacy of law is not enough, the system of enforcement is not enough, the combination of law and rule of virtue is not enough, in a market economy under the rule of law anomie phenomenon. In the future, the Communist Party Chinese in the rule of law A key field of adaptive innovation is to strengthen the party's legal ability construction. This study shows that the adaptive changes of national governance, reform and opening up and China Communist Party has close relationship. In general, the Communist Party of Chinese external performance adaptability change of the reform and opening up, and through the reform and opening up better governance; reform and opening up not only help to improve the governance effect, and provide the impetus for further implementation of Chinese party inside and outside the party change; depends on the effectiveness of the country governance in the Communist Party of Chinese adaptability change of direction and degree, but also depends on the implementation of reform and opening-up efforts; at the same time, the modernization of national governance objectives and further requests the Communist Party China adaptability change timely, deepening the reform and opening up. Historical practice adaptability change by combing and summarizing of the Communist Party of China And experience, can draw a lot of inspiration for the Communist Party of Chinese governance, such as emancipating the mind constantly, make the party's leadership and leadership ability has been continuously improved. However, due to limited space and ability, a lot of discussions around this issue has not been fully launched, there are some research fields such as worthy of attention. The party system construction, comprehensive law, comprehensive deepening of reform.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D25

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