改革开放以来中国共产党社会整合问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 10:26

  本文选题：中国共产党　切入点：改革开放　出处：《山东大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：改革开放是自上个世纪七十年代以来中国做出的最为重要的举动,是中国的第二次革命。改革开放不仅仅是一次社会生产力腾飞的经济变革,更是一次涉及到经济、政治、文化全方位的社会转型。在这一过程中,中国经历了剧烈的社会变化,不仅仅要在短短的几十年之中走完西方国家历经几百年才走完的道路,而且要使中国这个传统的文明古国迈进现代社会的大门。短促的时间和巨大的变化形成了鲜明的对比。在这一过程中,中国人民一方面体验到的是日新月异的进步和繁荣,另一方面也经历着现代社会的某种阵痛,“社会失范”就是这种阵痛最为明显的表现。“社会失范”呼唤着社会整合的出现,可以说社会冲突越激烈,社会整合的紧迫性就越强烈。 某种意义上,社会整合既是一个解释性的概念,也是一个建构性的概念。但是,由于这一概念的功能主义的传统,导致了对于社会稳定和社会团结的过分强调,使它饱受批评。事实上,社会整合概念完全不需要设定一个和谐一致的乌托邦,完全可以在正视冲突下保留社会整合的科学内涵,而无需所谓“神性社会”的担保。中国改革开放开启的社会变迁之路,是由中国共产党发起和领导的。在中国社会整合的过程中,党的重要性不言而喻。可以说,如果没有了中国共产党,就没有今天的中国社会。中国社会的特殊性和中国改革开放的实践性,使我们不能够照搬西方的理论与经验,而是要在批判的过程中,寻找一条适合中国的理论自主之路。中国伟大的改革已经进行了30余年,深化改革的需要,要求尽快对中国社会发展的经验进行科学合理的总结。事实上,中国改革开放的实践已经远远地走在了理论发展的前面,因此,当前重要的任务是对中国改革开放的历史进行系统地理论探索,提升对这场伟大的社会实践的理解。 本文首先会分析社会整合这一概念的定义和内涵,从社会整合相关理论的历史沿革入手,通过对比功能主义和冲突论理论家之间的学术争论,结合马克思主义的思想对社会整合在理论上做更进一步的理解。其次,会重点叙述政党和社会关系的主要理论观点,对政党的地位做一个更加深入、科学的定位。最后,结合国内外对中国共产党与中国社会关系模式理论的多种不同 观点,找出一个能够相对科学合理分析中国当代社会发展状况的分析工具。 以理论的辨析为铺垫之后,将简要介绍和分析改革开放之前的中国共产党与中国社会的关系。因为中国的改革开放不是凭空产生,改革前的政治制度和社会状况是改革开放的基础和出发点。新中国成立之后,随着中国政治制度和社会制度的建立,中国共产党成为整个国家的领导核心,通过构建—个系统的社会政治权力网络,形成了一种特殊的社会组织模式。在这一模式下,人民群众有着特殊的政治利益表达形式和渠道,国家支配和控制着社会的生产与生活。面对建国之后的主要任务,中国共产党从当时的国情出发,总结革命战争期间的主要经验,采取了一种以“政治运动”为核心的社会整合方式。这种整合方式有着其历史合理性,也曾经发挥着重要的作用,但是这一特殊的整合方式本身蕴含着着一个悖论,正是这一悖论的发展,导致了新中国建立之后社会发展出现了重大波折,也是促使中国共产党进行改革开放的一个重要原因。 随着改革开放的不断深入发展,中国社会发生了重大的变化。市场经济的发展,传统的资源配置模式逐渐让位于市场；社会阶级阶层的不断分化使曾经“两个阶级一个阶层”的传统社会结构日趋多样化,经济发展和社会的变化也开始在人们的头脑中形成新的意识形态和思想观念。这些问题都向中国共产党提出了这样和那样的挑战。这些挑战既对中国共产党的自身建设产生了巨大的压力,又在社会中引发了无数从前没有的冲突。因此,中国共产党必须从这两方面回应改革开放带来的挑战。中国共产党要完成整合社会的历史使命,首先要提高自身的各项能力,从根本上来说,就是对执政能力的建设和提升。改革开放对中国共产党带来的冲击,使得党不得不在意识形态、组织结构、运行方式上都要做出调整。这既是一个与改革开放实践紧密相关、不断与时俱进的过程,也是中国共产党继承马克思主义、坚持中国特色社会主义道路的过程。在意识形态方面,中国共产党不断的对改革开放的经验教训做出总结,先后提出了邓小平理论,“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观等等十分重要的理论,丰富并发展了马克思主义。在组织结构方面,针对市场经济改革对党的组织系统的冲击,中国共产党强调要加强党员素质,重新建立强有力的基层组织。中国共产党开始越来越强调民主的重要性,希望通过以“党内民主”推动社会民主不断向前发展。与此同时,中国共产党一直要求加强反腐败的工作,认为反腐败是关系到党和国家兴衰存亡的大事情。 社会冲突的不断加剧,使得政治体制也开始感受到前所未有的压力。中国共产党作为执政党,是国家政策的制定者,掌握着政治输出的主要渠道。因此,党一直试图用各种方式去缓和社会矛盾,加强社会团结。由于社会阶层和团体他们本身掌握的社会资源很不相同,利益目标也很不一致,他们的行为方式和逻辑也很不一样,这就决定了中国共产党对待不同对象需要运用不同的方式和方法。对待随着改革开放出现的新兴经济精英也就是私营企业主阶层,中国共产党更多是采取一种吸纳的方式。主要是通过党的统一战线组织,比如工商联、政治协商会议进行,也在一定程度上以人民代表大会制度进行吸纳。最有象征意义的是中国共产党对私营企业主敞开了组织的大门,欢迎他们加入中国共产党。对待新的社会团体的策略上,中国共产党大致经历了一个“控制——规范——引导——整合”的过程。事实上,这成为中国共产党对待非政府组织的一个行动框架。而对于大量散布于中国社会的抗争性的利益诉求行为,中国共产党尽量的将他们引向合法的制度化渠道,防止他们的各种政治诉求演化成激烈的非理性行为。
[Abstract]:The reform and opening up is the most important move to make Chinese since the last century since 70s, Chinese is the second revolution. The reform and opening up is not only a social productivity development and economic change, it is a related to economy, politics, culture and social transformation in all respects. In this process, social changes intense experience Chinese, not only in just a few years go west after hundreds of years to finish the road, but also to make Chinese the traditional civilization of modern society towards the door. A short time and great changes in stark contrast. In this process, Chinese people hand experience is to change rapidly progress and prosperity, on the other hand also experience some pain in modern society, "social anomie" is the most obvious manifestation of pain. "Social anomie" call a The emergence of social integration can be said that the more intense the social conflict, the stronger the urgency of social integration.
In a sense, social integration is not only an explanation of the concept, but also a constructive concept. However, due to the concept of traditional functionalism, leads to social stability and unity of too much emphasis on, make it to criticism. In fact, the social integration concept completely do not need to set a harmony of Utopia, scientific connotation can retain social integration in the face of conflict, without the need for the so-called "divine society" guarantee. China reform and opening open social change road, was initiated by the Communist Party and the China leadership. In the process of China social integration, the importance of self-evident party. We can say that if there is no Chinese Communist Party, not today's social practice. China Chinese social particularity and Chinese of reform and opening up, we can not copy the western theory and experience, which is in the critical In the process of searching for a Chinese theory independent way. China great reform has been carried out for more than 30 years, the need to deepen reform, as soon as possible the China social development experience scientific summary. In fact, the practice of reform and opening up Chinese has far to go in front of the theory of development, therefore at present, an important task is to make a theoretical and systematic exploration of the Chinese history of reform and opening up, improve on this great social practice understanding.
This paper will analyze the definition and connotation of the concept of social integration, the integration of relevant theory from the social history to start, through the comparison between functionalism and conflict theorists academic debate, combined with Marx's thought of integration to make further understanding in the theory of society. Secondly, the main parties will focus on the narrative theory and social relations point of view, to the position of the political party to do a more in-depth and scientific positioning. Finally, combined with a variety of Chinese Chinese Communist Party and the pattern of social relationship theory between China and abroad
The point of view is to find an analytical tool that can analyze the situation of China's contemporary social development in a relatively scientific and rational way.
After the theory analysis of the relationship between the Communist Party and pave the way, China China society before a brief introduction and analysis of the reform and opening up. Because China reform is not baseless, before the reform of the political system and the social status of the reform and opening up is the foundation and starting point. After the new Chinese was established, with the establishment of political system and social system China the China Communist Party became the core of leadership, through the network of social and political power system construction, formed a special social organization mode. In this mode, the masses have a special political interests forms and channels of expression, state control and control the production and life of the society. Facing the main after the founding of the Communist Party of Chinese task, from the time of the situation, the main experience during the revolutionary war, adopted a "political movement" as the core Social integration mode. This integration mode has its historical rationality, but also has played an important role, but this is a special way of integration itself contains a paradox, is the development of this paradox, leading to a new Chinese after the establishment of social development, the major twists and turns, but also is an important reason to China the Communist Party's reform and opening up.
With the continuous deepening of reform and opening up, great changes have taken place in Chinese society. The development of the market economy, the traditional mode of resource allocation gradually give way to the market; continuous differentiation of the social class to the traditional social structure had "two classes and one stratum" diversification, the development of economy and the change of society also began to form a new the ideology and ideas in the minds of the people. These problems are to Chinese Communist Party put forward such challenges. These challenges not only to the Chinese self construction of the Communist Party has a great pressure, and there is no conflict caused numerous in the society. Therefore, the Communist Party must Chinese response from the two aspects of reform and opening up the challenge of the Communist Party. Chinese to complete the integration of social historical mission, we must first improve the capacity of its own, fundamentally speaking, is to hold Build and improve the political ability. The reform and opening up to the Chinese Communist Party had to make impact on ideology, organization structure, operation mode should be adjusted. This is a practice of reform and opening up are closely related, constantly advancing with the times, but also Chinese Communist Party inherits the Marx doctrine, the process of China adhere to the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics. In terms of ideology, the Communist Party of Chinese constantly on the reform and opening-up experience summarized, and has put forward the Deng Xiaoping theory, the important thought of "Three Represents" theory and so on, Scientific Outlook on Development is very important, rich and development of the theory of Marx. In the aspect of organization structure, the impact of market economy on the reform of organization system of the party, the Communist Party of Chinese stressed the need to strengthen the quality of Party members, to build strong grassroots organizations. China party began to emphasize more and more democratic The importance of "democracy within the party" is to push forward the development of social democracy. At the same time, the Communist Party of China has been demanding the work of anti-corruption. It is considered that anti-corruption is related to the ups and downs of the party and the country.
The social conflicts intensified, the political system is also beginning to feel the hitherto unknown pressure. Chinese Communist Party as the ruling party, the national policy makers, the main channel of political output. Therefore, the party has been trying to use a variety of ways to alleviate social contradictions, to strengthen social solidarity. Because the social class and social groups in their resources master itself is not the same goals are inconsistent, their behavior and logic are not the same, which determines the Chinese the Communist Party to different objects need to use different ways and means of treatment. With the emerging economic elite reform and opening-up is private entrepreneurs is to take a more China Communist party kind of buying. Mainly through the organization of the united front of the party, such as the association of industry and commerce, the Political Consultative Conference, but also to a certain extent to the people's Congress The system of absorbing. The most significant is the Communist Party of China to the private enterprise organization open door, welcome them to join the Communist Party. China towards the new social group strategy, the Communist Party China generally experienced a "control norms to guide the process of integration". In fact, it is a a framework for action Chinese the Communist Party to non-governmental organizations. And for the interests of a large number of scattered Chinese behavior against society, the Communist Party will try to Chinese them into institutionalized legal channels, to prevent the evolution of all their political demands into fierce irrational behavior.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D26
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本文编号：1714365