人民公社化运动时期上海市郊区敬老院研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 19:30

本文选题：大跃进 + 人民公社化运动　；参考：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】："大跃进"和人民公社化运动是发生在中国特殊年代的重大历史事件。从1958年开始,我国广大农村地区掀起了"大跃进"和人民公社化运动的浪潮。为顺应运动的发展,展现社会主义制度的优越性,同年12月,上海市民政局根据中共中央"要办好敬老院,为那些无子女依靠的老人(五保户)提供一个较好的生活场所"的指示,开展了敬老院建设工作,敬老院应运而生。文章选择沪郊敬老院为研究对象,以宏观和微观相结合的角度对人民公社化运动时期五保老人的集体养老实践进行考察,深刻反思在社会主义建设过程中把宏大理想与现实相结合的重要性,期望对当下养老事业建设有所裨益。人民公社化运动时期上海市郊敬老院的兴起既受到形势的影响,也是作为中国共产党领导人对共产主义理想实践的产物,还是中华民族敬老爱老传统在这一时期的延续。透过敬老院的兴衰历程可以看出处在"大跃进"和人民公社化运动漩涡中的敬老院可谓命运多舛,开始在受到多种因素的影响下一哄而起,然而随着局势的发展、敬老院工作中问题的显露,部分敬老院无声解散。虽然在上海市民政局的一番整顿和调整后敬老院得以恢复、维持,但好景不长,大部分敬老院终归难逃解散的命运。笔者通过运用大量档案资料对敬老院的具体运行状况进行了考察,包括入院标准设定与服务人员选拔、宣传教育动员与物资经费筹备、生产文娱活动与精神生活关照、日常生活照料与院内事务管理等方面。在此研究基础上,结合敬老院的兴起及历程,发现并重点探讨其所呈现出的若干问题,主要有敬老院一哄而散的原因、一切为公的体制下敬老院的干部工作弊端、为何"敬老"的初衷最后成了一厢情愿、中央政府在敬老院运行中应尽的职责四个问题。人民公社化运动时期的敬老院体现着鲜明的时代特征,既有得又有失,一方面,敬老院的出现使五保老人老有所养,妥善地安排了孤寡老人的生活和生产,对促进社会的和谐稳定有着重要而深远的意义,为我国养老事业的发展积累了经验;另一方面,敬老院存在诸多弊端,不但未达到敬老效果反而对老人造成了严重的伤害。
[Abstract]:The Great Leap forward and the people's Commune Movement were important historical events in the special age of China.Since 1958, the Great Leap forward and the people's commune movement have been launched in the vast rural areas of China.In order to conform to the development of the movement and to demonstrate the superiority of the socialist system, in December of the same year, the Shanghai Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau, according to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), "shallTo provide a better living place for those old people who have no children to depend on (the fifth insured family), the elderly homes have been built, and the homes have emerged as the times require.The article chooses the residential homes for the aged in Shanghai suburb as the research object, and makes an investigation on the collective old-age support practice of the five guarantees of the elderly during the people's Commune Movement from the perspective of the combination of macro and micro.To reflect on the importance of combining the grand ideal with the reality in the process of socialist construction, we hope that it will benefit the construction of the cause of the aged at present.The rise of the residential homes for the aged in the suburbs of Shanghai during the people's commune movement was influenced by the situation and was also the product of the Communist ideal practice of the leaders of the Communist Party of China, or the continuation of the tradition of respecting the elderly and loving the elderly of the Chinese nation in this period.Through the course of the rise and fall of the homes for the aged, we can see that the elderly homes in the whirlpool of the "Great Leap forward" and the people's Commune Movement are ill-fated, and they are beginning to rise under the influence of various factors. However, with the development of the situation,Problems in the work of homes for the elderly exposed, some homes for the aged disbanded silently.Although after the reorganization and adjustment of the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Civil Affairs, the homes for the aged were restored and maintained, but the good times did not last, and most of the homes for the aged could not escape the fate of disbanding.By using a large number of archives, the author investigates the specific operation of the elderly homes, including the setting of admission standards and the selection of service personnel, the mobilization of propaganda and education, the preparation of materials and funds, the production of recreational activities and the care of spiritual life.Daily life care and hospital affairs management and so on.On the basis of this research, combined with the rise and course of the elderly homes, we find and focus on some problems, which are mainly the causes of the coaxing and dispersal of the old people's homes, and the malpractice of the cadre work of the old people's homes under the public system.Why the original intention of "respect for the elderly" finally became wishful thinking, the central government in the operation of the elderly home should do four questions.The residential homes for the aged during the people's Commune Movement showed distinct characteristics of the times, with both gains and losses. On the one hand, the appearance of the homes for the aged gave the five guarantees a sense of security for the elderly and properly arranged the life and production of the lonely elderly.It has important and far-reaching significance to promote the social harmony and stability, has accumulated the experience for the development of the old-age service in our country; on the other hand, there are many malpractices in the homes for the aged, which not only fail to achieve the effect of respecting the elderly, but also cause serious harm to the elderly.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D232

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