晋西北士绅参观团赴延安考察研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 21:01

本文选题：晋西北 + 士绅参观团　；参考：《延安大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：1941年至1942年,是世界法西斯势力最猖獗、中国抗战最艰苦的阶段,也是中共领导的抗日根据地最困难的时期。当时的延安,面临着国民党和日本侵略者的双重封锁与压迫,几乎与外界断绝了联系。面对国民党的封锁和压迫,中共制定和推行了十大政策,克服困难,战胜敌人,取得了很好的效果。特别是“三三制”政策的推出与实施,有力地巩固了抗日根据地的政权,为赢得抗日战争最后的胜利奠定了牢固的基础。开明士绅阶级作为“三三制”中的一部分,在抗战中有着举足轻重的作用。不过中共对开明士绅的认识和态度也不是一蹴而就的,而是有一个不断变化和发展的过程:由最初将他们作为革命的打击对象,到后来逐渐转变为抗日民族统一战线中必须团结的一份子。开明士绅作为抗日民族统一战线中间势力的代表群体,由于其阶级性和世界观的局限,在抗战之前和抗战初期也与中共接触比较少,对中共的政策不是很了解,态度也不是很积极。此后随着抗战的深入,才逐渐接触了解并且进行了密切的合作。1942年5月4日至8月5日,晋西北抗日根据地的开明士绅,组织了一次声势浩大的赴延安参观活动。他们不远千里到达延安,进行参观访问。此次参观历时3月,期间在延安驻留55天,见到了中共中央、八路军、边区政府、边区参议会、各级负责首长、并与他们进行了亲切的座谈,交换了对抗战建国的意见,参观了边区的工厂、学校、医院等38家单位,吸取了边区各种建设经验。晋西北士绅参观团赴延参观活动影响深远,不仅有力地促进了晋西北抗日根据地各项事业的建设与发展,而且对全国抗日根据地的建设也起到积极的促进作用。政治方面,促进了晋西北抗日根据地统一战线的发展,加强了抗日根据地民主政权的建设;经济方面,积极推行统一累进税、自动减租减息的政策,促进了抗日根据地的经济建设;军事方面,支持部队建设,积极动员参军、拥军并护军,壮大了抗日的军事力量;社会方面,以身作则,身先士卒,促进了根据地文化教育事业和社会公益活动的发展。通过延安考察,晋西北参观团的士绅们不仅增长了见识,而且学到了很多东西,感受良多。对晋西北士绅参观团赴延安考察,中共领导人给予很高的关注度。可以肯定地说,晋西北士绅参观团的延安之行不仅仅是一次普通的访问和参观,也是中共在推行“三三制”政权,开展统一战线工作上取得的一次重大胜利。
[Abstract]:The period from 1941 to 1942 was the most rampant of fascist forces in the world, the most difficult period of the Chinese War of Resistance against Japan, and the most difficult period of the anti-Japanese base areas led by the Communist Party of China. Yenan at that time, faced with the Kuomintang and the Japanese aggressors of the dual blockade and oppression, almost cut off contact with the outside world. In the face of the Kuomintang blockade and oppression, the Communist Party formulated and implemented ten policies to overcome difficulties and defeat the enemy, and achieved good results. In particular, the introduction and implementation of the "three-three system" policy has strengthened the regime in the anti-Japanese base areas and laid a solid foundation for winning the final victory of the War of Resistance against Japan. As a part of the three-three system, the enlightened gentry played an important role in the War of Resistance. However, the understanding and attitude of the Chinese Communists towards the enlightened gentry were not achieved overnight, but there was a process of constant change and development: from the beginning, they were regarded as the targets of the revolution. Later, it gradually turned into a member of the anti-Japanese national United front who must be United. As a representative group of the middle forces in the anti-Japanese national United front, the enlightened gentry, due to their class nature and limitations of the world outlook, also had relatively little contact with the Chinese Communists before and at the beginning of the War of Resistance against Japan, and did not have a good understanding of the policies of the Chinese Communists. The attitude is also not very positive. From May 4 to August 5, 1942, the enlightened gentry in the anti-Japanese base area of northwest Shanxi organized a grand visit to Yenan. They traveled thousands of miles to Yan'an for a visit. The visit lasted three months. During the 55-day stay in Yan'an, he met with the CPC Central Committee, the eighth Route Army, the Border region Government, the Border region Senate and responsible officials at all levels, and held cordial discussions with them and exchanged views on the establishment of the people's Republic of China in the War of Resistance against Japan. Visited the border area factories, schools, hospitals and other 38 units, drawing on various construction experience in the border area. The visiting activities of the gentry visiting group of northwest Shanxi had a far-reaching influence, which not only promoted the construction and development of various undertakings in the anti-Japanese base area of northwest Shanxi, but also played an active role in the construction of the anti-Japanese base area throughout the country. Politically, it has promoted the development of the United front in the anti-Japanese base area in northwest Shanxi, strengthened the construction of democratic power in the anti-Japanese base area, and actively pursued the policy of unified progressive tax and automatic reduction of rent and interest in the economic field. It has promoted the economic construction of the anti-Japanese base areas, supported the building of the troops in the military, actively mobilized to join the army, supported and defended the army, and strengthened the military strength of the resistance; in the social aspect, it has set an example and set an example. It has promoted the development of cultural and educational undertakings and social public welfare activities in the base areas. Through Yan'an investigation, the gentry of northwest Shanxi not only increased their knowledge, but also learned a lot and felt a lot. The leaders of the Communist Party of China paid high attention to the visit to Yan'an. It can be said with certainty that the visit to Yan'an by the gentry of northwest Shanxi was not only an ordinary visit and visit, but also a major victory for the Chinese Communist Party in carrying out the "three systems" regime and carrying out the work of the United front.
【学位授予单位】：延安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D231

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