思想政治教育视角下的延安整风运动研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 12:27

本文选题：思想政治教育 + 延安整风运动　；参考：《东南大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：从1921年中国共产党成立至1942年以前,中国共产党经历了成长、壮大、发展,也经历了挫折和失败。其间,党的中央领导机关,先后出现数次(分别以陈独秀、瞿秋白、李立三、王明为代表的)“左”右倾机会主义错误。党内虽然也开展了反对“左”右倾机会主义的斗争,纠正了这些错误,但是由于环境条件的限制,纠正方法上的失误,都没有在思想路线上解决问题,许多党的干部,还未能深刻认识这种错误的思想根源。党内反复出现的“左”倾和右倾错误,从思想根源上看,都是主观主义,主要是教条主义,其共同点都是理论和实践相脱离,主观和客观不统一。1937年7月,日寇大规模入侵中国,国共两党开始合作抗日,到1942年7月,由于革命形势的需要,我们党的队伍有了突飞猛进的发展。但新增加的70多万党员中,约百分之九十是知识分子、中农和贫农出身。也就是说绝大部分是来自于农民和小资产阶级。遵义会议后,虽然我党已从幼年走向成熟,开始自觉地批判、改造党内的非无产阶级思想,但这不是一蹴而就的。随着局势的迅速变化,不仅党内原有的非无产阶级思想未能得到彻底解决,而且党内教育、改造非无产阶级思想的任务又大大加重了。由以上情况可知,用马克思主义统一全党的思想,解决当时党在政治、思想、组织上的若干问题,是势在必行的,这就是延安整风的背景。延安整风的过程经历了准备阶段、正式整风阶段、总结历史经验阶段。延安整风的三个阶段是逐步推进、相互联系的有机整体,它们共同构成了一个完整的思想政治教育过程。其中,准备和首先在党的高级干部中取得思想上的一致,是全党整风的基础；全党整风是延安整风的扩大；总结历史经验则是全党整风的逻辑发展。延安整风运动首次采用了系统、集中地学习马克思主义的方法。在思想政治教育的方式上,首次采用了“整风运动”这一形式来系统集中学习马克思主义。延安整风用学习教育的方式解决党内思想分歧,把思想教育放在首位。这在当时本身就是一项伟大的创新。延安整风中的学习运用理论联系实际的方法。延安整风还采用党内教育的方法。延安整风中思想政治教育的成果是：政治上,进一步确立正确的政治路线；思想上,确立全党正确的思想路线；组织上,消除了宗派主义,形成以毛泽东为首的中央领导核心。延安整风对中共思想政治教育产生了很大的影响。我们可以着重从党的思想理论创新对思想政治教育创新意义的角度获得对它的总结。我们还可以总结出延安整风时期实事求是思想内化对中共思想政治教育的影响。延安整风中思想政治教育的方法给后人以诸多的启示。延安整风是在完整的理论体系指导下完成的,包括一整套思想、方针、方法,并且始终把转变人的思想放在第一位。延安整风还是一场党风教育的范例。延安整风遵循了主观和客观的统一。延安整风坚持思想创新,不断推进马克思主义中国化。延安整风把思想政治教育和党内的制度建设相结合。今天,我们要以延安整风精神,推动群众路线教育。延安整风时期,在全党范围通过批评与自我批评进行马克思主义教育,不仅发扬党内民主,而且发扬党外民主,坚持走群众路线,整顿党的作风,最终实现了党在思想、组织上的高度统一。现在,在党的群众路线实践活动工作会议上,习近平也指出：要以整风精神开展批评和自我批评,坚持惩前毖后、治病救人的方针。延安整风运动是一场用马列主义统一全党思想的教育运动,无论从广度、深度、方法、效果看,它都是思想政治教育史上的典范。总之,延安整风是有其必要性的。
[Abstract]:Since the founding of the Communist Party of China in 1921 to 1942, the Communist Party of China experienced growth, expansion and development, and also experienced setbacks and failures. During the meantime, the party's central leading organs have appeared several times (respectively, represented by Chen Duxiu, Qu Qiubai, Li Lisan, Wang Ming), "left" Right opportunist mistakes. Although the party has also carried out opposition, " Left "Right opportunism" struggles to correct these mistakes, but because of the limitation of the environmental conditions and the errors in correcting the methods, they have not solved the problem on the ideological line. Many Party cadres have not yet deeply understood the ideological root of this mistake. The "left" and right errors in the party have been repeated in the party, all from the ideological roots. It is subjectivism, mainly dogmatism, whose common point is that the theory and practice are separated from the theory and practice. In July.1937, the Japanese aggressors invaded China in a large scale, and the Kuomintang and the Communist Party began to cooperate with Japan in July. By July 1942, the party's ranks were developed by leaps and bounds because of the needs of the revolutionary situation. But among the about 700000 newly added party members, About ninety percent of them are intellectuals, middle peasants and poor peasants. That is to say, most of them come from the peasants and the petty bourgeoisie. After the Zunyi conference, although our party has grown from childhood to maturity, it has begun to consciously criticize and transform the inner-party non proletarian ideas, but it is not an instant. With the rapid change of the situation, not only is the party in the party. The original non proletarian thought has not been completely solved, and the task of inner-party education and the remolding of non proletarian thought has been greatly increased. It is clear from the above situation that it is imperative to use Marx doctrine to unify the thought of the whole Party and to solve the political, ideological and organizational problems of the party at that time. This is the background of the rectification of Yanan. The process of rectification in Yanan has gone through the preparatory stage, the formal rectification stage and the historical experience stage. The three stages of the rectification movement in Yanan are progressive and interconnected organic whole, which together constitute a complete ideological and political education process. Among them, the whole party is prepared and first achieved ideological consistency in the party's senior cadres, the whole party. The whole wind is the basis of the rectification movement; the rectification of the whole party is the expansion of the rectification movement in Yanan; the summary of historical experience is the logical development of the whole Party's rectification. The first system is adopted for the first time in Yanan rectification movement to concentrate on the method of Marx's doctrine. In the form of Ideological and political education, the first form of "rectification movement" has been adopted to systematically study Marx. The way to solve the ideological differences in the party and put the ideological education in the first place in the way of learning and education in Yanan. This is a great innovation at that time. The method of learning and applying theory to practice in the rectification movement in Yanan. The Yanan rectification movement also adopted the method of inner party education. The result of Ideological and political education in the whole wind of Yanan is politics. On the other hand, the correct political line should be further established; ideologically, the correct ideological line of the whole party is established; in organization, sectarianism has been eliminated and the central leadership of the Central Committee led by Mao Zedong has been formed. The rectification movement in Yanan has a great influence on the ideological and political education of the Communist Party of China. We can also sum up it in the perspective of innovation. We can also sum up the influence of the ideological and political education on the ideological and political education of the Communist Party of China in the period of the rectification movement in Yanan. The methods of Ideological and political education in the rectification movement in Yanan give some inspiration to the future generations. The rectification movement in Yanan is completed under the guidance of a complete theoretical system, including a complete set of ideas. Needle, method, and always put the idea of changing people first. Yanan rectification is an example of Party style education. Yanan rectification follows the unity of subjective and objective. Yanan rectification persists in ideological innovation and continuously promotes the Sinicization of Marx doctrine. Yanan rectification combines ideological and political education with the construction of the inner party system. Today, I In the spirit of Yanan rectification, we should promote the education of the mass line. During the period of the rectification movement in Yanan, we should carry out Marx's education through criticism and self criticism in the whole Party's period, not only to carry forward democracy within the party, but also to carry forward the democracy of the party, adhere to the mass line, rectify the party's style of work, and finally achieve the party's high unity in thought and organization. Now, the party is in the party. At the working conference on the practice of the mass line, Xi Jinping also pointed out that it was necessary to carry out criticism and self-criticism in the spirit of the rectification movement, adhere to the policy of treating the disease and save the illness after the punishment. The Yanan rectification movement is an educational movement with Marxism Leninism unifying the whole party thought. It is the history of Ideological and political education in terms of breadth, depth, method and effect. In short, the rectification movement in Yanan is necessary.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D231;D261

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