毛泽东解放战争中的“和平方式”研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 16:38

本文选题：毛泽东 + 解放战争　；参考：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：毛泽东在解放战争中形成和发展起来的“和平方式”策略,是主张采取积极的政治攻势解决战争问题的灵活斗争策略。其在解放战争中的运用主要是在军事强压的态势下,通过灵活的政治攻势使得国民党军队采取包括起义、投诚、和平改编等多种形式的和平方式退出战斗,站到中共和人民的立场上来。毛泽东解放战争中“和平方式”策略属于毛泽东思想的一部分。毛泽东在解放战争中“和平方式”策略的理论来源包括马克思、恩格斯列宁关于和平斗争策略的论述、中国传统文化“和为贵”的思想及“不战而屈人之兵”的策略、以及毛泽东对其在解放战争前关于“瓦解敌军和优待俘虏”主张的认识发展。他在解放战争中对“和平方式”策略的认识过程主要包括三个阶段,即重庆谈判期间,对“和平建国”的渴望;解放战争初期,“以战促和”争取和平;解放战争中后期,力求实现“局部和平”。从中可见,其“和平方式”策略是在战争环境中不断丰富和发展,最后以“北平方式”的提出标志着毛泽东解放战争中“和平方式”策略的成熟。“和平方式”策略的具体发展和实践过程,根据时期特点主要分为重庆谈判和战略防御阶段(1945.8-1947.6)、战略反攻阶段(1947.7-1948.8)、战略决战和渡江战役阶段(1948.9-1949.5)、向全国进军阶段(1949.6-1949.12)四个阶段,在各个阶段均有毛泽东“和平方式”策略运用于解决战争问题的典型事例,也有其在认识方面的发展过程,其思想策略在解放战争中所发挥的作用不容置疑。毛泽东解放战争中“和平方式”策略的主要特点,包括军事压迫与政治引导相结合;分化瓦解敌方势力与区别对待敌方阵营相结合;必须接受和平条件与宽大处置相结合。该思想策略在加速人民解放战争胜利的进程;减少战争破坏,从而为社会恢复与建设提供条件;同时,也为后来解决国内军事、政治分歧提供了蓝本,例如在此思想策略的引导下促成了西藏的和平解放。后来,在吸收毛泽东“和平方式”思想的基础上产生了“一国两制”的构想,影响至今。
[Abstract]:The "peaceful way" strategy formed and developed by Mao Zedong in the War of Liberation is a flexible struggle strategy that advocates active political offensives to solve war problems. Its use in the War of Liberation was mainly due to the situation of military pressure and flexible political offensives to enable the Kuomintang troops to withdraw from combat by peaceful means, including uprisings, defections, peaceful adaptations, and so on. Stand on the position of the Communist Party of China and the people. The "peaceful way" strategy in the Mao Zedong Liberation War was part of Mao Zedong's thought. The theoretical sources of Mao Zedong's strategy of "peaceful way" in the War of Liberation include Marx, Engels Lenin's discussion on the strategy of peaceful struggle, the thought of "harmony is precious" in Chinese traditional culture, and the strategy of "subjugating men without war". And Mao Zedong's understanding of the idea of unraveling the enemy and treating prisoners before the War of Liberation. His understanding of the "peaceful way" strategy in the War of Liberation mainly included three stages, namely, the desire for "peaceful nation-building" during the Chongqing negotiation period, the early stage of the liberation war, "promoting peace by war", and the middle and late stages of the war of liberation. Strive to achieve "partial peace". It can be seen that its "peaceful mode" strategy is to enrich and develop continuously in the war environment. Finally, the "Peiping Mode" is proposed to mark the maturity of the "peaceful way" strategy in the Mao Zedong Liberation War. According to the characteristics of the period, the specific development and practical process of the "peaceful mode" strategy can be divided into four stages: Chongqing negotiation and strategic defense (1945.8-1947.6), strategic counter-offensive (1947.7-1948.8), strategic decisive battle and the battle of crossing the river (1948.9-1949.5), and advancing to the whole country (1949.6-1949.12). In each stage, there are typical examples of Mao Zedong's "peaceful way" strategy applied to solving war problems, and there is also its cognitive development process. The role of its ideological strategy in the war of liberation is beyond doubt. The main characteristics of the "peaceful way" strategy in the Mao Zedong Liberation War include the combination of military oppression and political guidance, the combination of dividing and disintegrating the enemy forces and the distinguishing treatment of the enemy camp, and the combination of peaceful conditions and lenient treatment. This ideological strategy is speeding up the process of victory in the people's War of Liberation; reducing the destruction of the war, thus providing conditions for social recovery and construction; and at the same time, providing a blueprint for the subsequent settlement of military and political differences in the country. For example, this ideological strategy led to the peaceful liberation of Tibet. Later, the concept of "one country, two systems" came into being on the basis of Mao Zedong's "peaceful way".
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D231

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