晋察冀抗日根据地农民教育研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 18:45

本文选题：晋察冀抗日根据地 + 农民　；参考：《石家庄铁道大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：1937年七、八月间，卢沟桥事变和“八·一三”事变相继爆发，中日民族矛盾成为中国社会的主要矛盾，反对日本帝国主义的侵略成为整个中华民族的当务之急，晋察冀抗日根据地就是在这样的时代背景下开辟和建立的。在长达八年的敌后抗战环境中，要有效的建设和巩固抗日根据地、巩固和扩大抗日民族统一战线，离不开占人口80%以上农民的觉醒和支持。更进一步说，根据地广大农民群众的思想觉悟程度以及科学文化道德水平等素质如何，是直接关系到战争能否取得最终胜利的大问题。如何克服农民阶级自身局限性，提高农民素质，发挥农民阶级抗战热情，增强敌后持久抗战力量，是摆在中国共产党面前最重要也是最迫切需要解决的问题。在残酷的斗争形势下，中国共产党选择了主要通过冬学教育开展对农民的思想政治教育工作。具体来讲，中国共产党从国家、民族利益和农民的生产生活需要出发，紧紧围绕抗战这一中心任务，因人因时因地的对农民进行了广泛的政治动员，开展了以扫盲为起点，包括抗战教育、生产教育、民主教育、文化教育、道德教育等在内的大规模的冬学运动。同时，党在如何对农民进行思想政治教育的方法上，也进行了行之有效的探索和实践，采取了率先垂范法、物质激励法、感染教育法等灵活多样的教育方法，使得思想政治工作具备了强大的战斗力和生命力，，保证取得了抗战时期的一个又一个胜利。党对农民的思想政治教育成效显著，如广大农民群众抗战意识、民主意识增强，生产积极性和文化水平显著提高，一定程度上改善了社会风气，根据地和抗日民族统一战线也不断巩固和扩大，并且还为根据地培养了大批德才兼备的干部，使党的各项方针、政策得到了贯彻落实。总之，党的农民教育工作不仅统一了广大农民群众的思想和行动、增强了他们认识世界和改造世界的能力，也加强了根据地社会政治、经济、军事、文化、教育和党的建设，使抗日战争最终走向胜利。同时，由于种种原因，农民教育也难免有其时代的局限性。现阶段，解决“三农”问题和促进社会主义新农村建设，进行农民教育，必须加强乡村基层党组织建设，高度重视解决农民群众的实际问题，注重提高农民素质，采用灵活多样的农民教育方法，寓思想教育于农民喜闻乐见的文化活动之中，深化农民教育，凝聚党心、民心。
[Abstract]:In July and August 1937, the Lugou Bridge incident and the "August 13" incident broke out one after another. The ethnic contradictions between China and Japan became the main contradictions in Chinese society, and opposing the aggression of Japanese imperialism became the top priority of the entire Chinese nation. The anti-Japanese base area of Shanxi, Chaji and Hebei was opened up and established under this background of the times. In the eight-year environment of the anti-Japanese war behind the enemy, to effectively build and consolidate the anti-Japanese base areas and to consolidate and expand the anti-Japanese national United front, we cannot leave the awakening and support of the peasants who account for more than 80% of the population. Furthermore, the quality of the broad masses of peasants in the base area, such as the degree of ideological consciousness and the level of science, culture and morality, is directly related to the final victory of the war. How to overcome the limitations of the peasant class, improve the quality of the peasants, give play to the enthusiasm of the peasant class to resist the war, and strengthen the forces behind the enemy, is the most important and the most urgent problem to be solved by the Communist Party of China. Under the situation of cruel struggle, the Communist Party of China has chosen to carry out ideological and political education for peasants mainly through winter education. To be specific, the Communist Party of China, proceeding from the interests of the state, the national interests and the needs of the peasants' production and life, closely revolved around the central task of the War of Resistance against Japan, because of the extensive political mobilization of the peasants by the people because of the time and place, and by taking literacy as the starting point. Large-scale winter education including anti-Japanese education, production education, democracy education, culture education, moral education, etc. At the same time, the Party has also carried out effective exploration and practice on how to carry out ideological and political education for peasants. It has adopted flexible and diverse educational methods, such as setting an example, material encouragement, infection education, and so on. So that ideological and political work has a strong combat effectiveness and vitality, guaranteed to win one victory after another during the War of Resistance. The Party's ideological and political education for the peasants has achieved remarkable results, such as the broad masses of peasants' awareness of the war of resistance, the strengthening of their democratic consciousness, the remarkable increase in their enthusiasm for production and their educational level, and the improvement of social atmosphere to a certain extent. The base areas and the anti-Japanese national United front have also been continuously consolidated and expanded, and a large number of cadres with both moral integrity and ability have been trained for the base areas, so that the Party's various principles and policies have been implemented. In short, the Party's peasant education has not only unified the thinking and actions of the broad masses of peasants, enhanced their ability to understand and transform the world, but also strengthened the social, political, economic, military, cultural, educational and party building in the base areas. The War of Resistance against Japan was finally won. At the same time, because of various reasons, peasant education also inevitably has its time limitation. At the present stage, in order to solve the "three rural" problems and promote the construction of new socialist countryside, we must strengthen the construction of rural grass-roots party organizations, attach great importance to solving the practical problems of the peasants, and pay attention to improving the quality of the peasants. Adopting flexible and diverse methods of peasant education, combining ideological education with the popular cultural activities of farmers, deepening peasant education, rallying the hearts of the Party and the people.
【学位授予单位】：石家庄铁道大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D231;D422.62

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