1945-1949：国共两党在国统区争夺青年问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-13 11:59

【摘要】：青年是中国近代以来推动社会变革的重要力量,是最富活力的社会群体,争取到青年就是争取到未来。1945—1949年,国共两党出于自身事业需要,在青年问题上展开了激烈较量。历史已经表明,共产党把青年运动与人民群众运动密切联系,形成了爱国民主第二条战线,将青年运动推向了中国青年运动历史最高峰,最终赢得了广泛的青年群众。这一时期是国际两大阵营对立形成,中国国内军事上陷入全国性内战、经济上爆发严重经济危机、政治上各方力量相互对抗和制约。正是在这样的背景下,国共两党围绕国统区青年问题展开了思想交锋和组织争夺。对这一时期国共两党在国统区争夺青年问题进行研究,不仅有利于正确认识这段历史,更能使我们总结经验和教训,举一反三,为今天青年工作提供一定的参考。本文采用历史分析法、比较研究法和归纳总结法,从五个方面对这一时期国共两党在国统区争夺青年问题进行了研究：第一部分交代了研究缘由、研究现状和研究意义以及研究方法。第二部分简要介绍了国共两党争夺青年的时代背景。认为国共两党争夺青年是在国际反法西斯战争胜利与两大阵营对立形成的国际形势背景下进行的,是在通货膨胀、民不聊生与国民党政府专制腐败的国内时局背景下进行的,是在战后国共两党两个中国之命运的分歧及各自青年思想路线影响下进行的。第三部分重点阐述了国共两党争夺青年开展的思想交锋。指出国民党需要严格控制“青年流窜之共匪区”,共产党也需要“为着粉碎蒋介石的进攻,必须和人民群众亲密合作,必须争取一切可能争取的人”,为此就对待驻华美军行为的态度、国统区经济恶化的基本认识、中国民主前途路线之争、政权稳定与青年权益的认识等重点问题展开思想交锋。第四部分着重探讨了国共两党围绕青年问题展开的组织争夺。指出国共两党对自身组织机构及其外围组织和关联团体进行了全面部署和优化调整,具体为：国民党改组设立“青年复学就业辅导会”,共产党则设置“城市工作部”；国民党推出“党团合并”举措,共产党采取“三线设置”办法。第五部分论述了共产党在国统区开展青年工作的经验与启示。认为重视爱国主义教育,是开展青年工作的基本方略；注重思想理论宣传引导,是开展青年工作的必备武器；坚持党对青年思想政治工作的领导,是开展青年工作的根本保证；团结一切可以团结的力量,是开展青年工作的一大法宝；解决生活实际问题,是赢得青年的关键所在。这些成功经验对今天我们做好青年工作仍然具有重要的参考价值和借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Youth is an important force to promote social change in modern China and the most vigorous social group. To win youth is to win over the future. 1945-1949, the KMT and CPC launched a fierce contest on youth issues out of the need of their own cause. History has shown that the Communist Party has closely linked the youth movement with the mass movement of the people, formed the second front of patriotic democracy, pushed the youth movement to the highest point in the history of the Chinese youth movement, and finally won a wide range of young people. In this period, the two international camps were in opposition, China fell into a national civil war militarily, economic crisis broke out, and political forces confronted and restricted each other. It is against this background that the Kuomintang and the Communist Party have launched ideological confrontation and organizational competition around youth issues in the Kuomintang-controlled areas. The study of the struggle for youth between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China in this period is not only conducive to the correct understanding of this history, but also enables us to sum up experience and lessons, draw lessons from one another, and provide a certain reference for today's youth work. This article uses the historical analysis method, the comparison research method and the induction summary method, has carried on the research from the five aspects to this period, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party competes for the youth question in the national control area: the first part has explained the research reason, Research status, significance and research methods. The second part briefly introduces the background of the two parties fighting for youth. It is believed that the struggle for youth between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was conducted against the background of the international situation in which the victory of the international anti-fascist war and the opposition between the two major camps took place, and against the background of the domestic situation of inflation, the despotism of the people and the dictatorship and corruption of the Kuomintang government. It was carried out under the influence of the difference of the destiny of the two parties and the two Chinas after the war and the ideological line of their respective youth. The third part focuses on the ideological confrontation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party for youth development. It is pointed out that the Kuomintang needs to strictly control the "Communist bandit areas where young people are on the move" and the Communist Party needs "to crush the attack of Jiang Jieshi, to work closely with the masses of the people and to fight for everyone who can". Therefore, there is an ideological confrontation between the key issues such as the attitude towards the behavior of the US troops in China, the basic understanding of the deterioration of the economy in the areas under national control, the struggle for the future of China's democracy, and the understanding of the stability of political power and the rights and interests of young people. The fourth part mainly discusses the organizational competition between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party around youth issues. It is pointed out that the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China have made an overall arrangement and optimized adjustment to their own organizations and their peripheral organizations and related organizations. The concrete measures are as follows: the Kuomintang reorganizes and sets up the Youth Rehabilitation and Employment Advisory Committee, while the Communist Party sets up the City work Department; KMT launched the "Youth League merger", the Communist Party adopted the "three-line setup" method. The fifth part discusses the experience and enlightenment of the Communist Party in carrying out youth work in the Kuomintang-controlled areas. It is believed that paying attention to patriotism education is the basic strategy of youth work, paying attention to ideological and theoretical propaganda and guidance, is the necessary weapon to carry out youth work, insisting on the leadership of the Party to youth ideological and political work, is the fundamental guarantee of carrying out youth work. Uniting all forces that can be United is a magic weapon for youth work, and solving practical problems in life is the key to winning young people. These successful experiences still have important reference value and significance for us to do a good job in youth work today.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D231;D432.6

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