当代中国文字改革研究
发布时间：2018-07-25 06:03
【摘要】：当代中国文字改革,既是对近代以来在中国面临被世界列强瓜分的严重危机下兴起的文字改革思潮与实践的继承和发展,又是对对近代以来文字改革思潮与实践的扬弃。中国共产党继承、发展其中的合理部分,扬弃、摒弃其中的激进、错误主张,使当代中国文字改革取得前所未有的成功,成为中国百年文字改革上最辉煌的一章。论文以1949-1986年间中国共产党领导开展新中国文字改革的三大任务(即整理和简化汉字、推广普通话、制定和推行《汉语拼音方案》)为主要研究对象,系统考察当代中国文字改革理论与实践的来龙去脉和改革发展的曲折历程,客观评价当代中国文字改革所取得的巨大成就和所发挥的重要影响,并深刻分析当代中国文字改革工作中的缺陷不足,从中总结经验教训,以期对当代语言文字工作有所启示。 论文共分为八个部分。绪论部分主要阐述选题的缘由和研究的意义,本选题的海内外研究现状述评,论文的研究思路、方法和基本框架,并对论文的重点、难点和创新之处作了说明。 第一章主要回顾近代以来至新中国成立前夕文字改革的历史。先是梳理清朝末年、民国初年、五四时期至上个世纪二三十年代的文字改革思潮和文字改革运动中的理论主张和实践情况,然后追溯民主革命时期中国共产党领导进行文字改革的主要历程,指出中国共产党的文字改革思想和理论是对近代以来文字改革探索的继承、扬弃和发展,而中国共产党在根据地所推行的文字改革实践为当代中国文字改革积累了宝贵的经验教训。 第二章论述当代中国开展文字改革的历史背景和中国共产党对文字改革的战略认识。一是分析新中国成立初期文字改革的理论准备,包括对马克思主义语言文字理论、近代以来文字改革理论以及对文字发展规律的认识等；二是阐述文字改革的时代需求,主要分析当时中共将文字改革提上日程所面临的国内外形势——新中国建设的需要和当时世界范围内拼音化文字改革的发展趋势。 第三章记述1949-1978年社会主义革命和建设时期文字改革工作的全面展开,重点梳理中共在领导文字改革过程中如何确定文字改革的目标和文字改革三大任务,文字改革工作如何掀起高潮、在调整巩固中稳步前进,并在“文化大革命”时期和两年徘徊时期在低潮中蹒跚前行,展现新中国文字改革所取得的伟大成就和所走过的曲折历程。 第四章考察1979-1986年党对建国以来文字改革工作进行的反思和新时期文字改革工作方针的调整。主要分析改革开放新形势下党和政府对文字改革“拼音化”方向、是否要继续推进文字改革工作等问题的反思,以及根据新形势需要对新时期语言文字工作方针所做出的调整,包括废除“文化大革命”时期制订的《第二次汉字简化方案(草案)》,完成文字改革工作的拨乱反正；召开1986年全国语言文字工作会议,确立新时期语言文字工作方针,将新时期语言文字工作重点由文字改革转向加强语言文字的规范化和标准化。 第五章按专题概述1986年以后的新时期语言文字工作的主要内容和成就。由于这一时期的语言文字工作的重点已经不是文字改革,因此对这一时期的工作不作全面深入研究,而是从中共中央对新时期语言文字工作的重视和支持、大力推广积极普及普通话、努力推进汉字规范化标准化建设、继续推行并完善《汉语拼音方案》、积极开辟中文信息处理工作新局面这五个方面来概述这一时期的语言文字工作情况。 第六章对当代中国文字改革作出总体评价。论文采取辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的原则,对当代中国文字改革的性质和特点、成就和影响予以客观评价,分析当代文字改革工作存在的不足和缺点,在此基础上总结对当前语言文字工作的若干启示。 结束语部分主要对目前学术界关于文字改革等问题的继续探索,即“中国语文现代化”研究进行评述,并对如何大力推进语文现代化建设的探索提出了三点建议。
[Abstract]:The reform of contemporary Chinese characters is not only the inheritance and development of the ideological trend of thought and practice, but also the development of the thought and practice of the text reform, which is in the face of the serious crisis that China has been divided in the world since modern times. It is also an abandonment to the trend of thought and practice of the modern word reform. The Chinese Communist Party inherits and develops its reasonable part, sublate and discard the radical and wrong of the Chinese Communist Party. By mistake, we have made unprecedented success in the reform of contemporary Chinese characters and become the most brilliant chapter in the reform of Chinese writing. The paper mainly studies the three major tasks of the reform of new Chinese characters led by the Communist Party of China in the past 1949-1986 years, namely, to organize and simplify Chinese characters, to popularize Putonghua, to formulate and carry out the Chinese phonetic scheme. This paper systematically investigates the tortuous course of the theory and practice of the contemporary Chinese character reform and its reform and development, objectively appraise the great achievements and important influences in the reform of contemporary Chinese characters, and deeply analyze the shortcomings in the reform work of contemporary Chinese characters, and summarize the experiences and lessons from it, with a view to the contemporary language. The work of words is enlightening.
The thesis is divided into eight parts. The introduction part mainly expounds the origin and significance of the topic, the review of the present research status at home and abroad, the research ideas, methods and the basic framework of the thesis, and explains the key, difficult and innovative points of the paper.
The first chapter reviews the history of the text reform on the eve of the founding of the new China, the first is to comb the end of the Qing Dynasty, the first year of the Republic of China, the 54 period in the first century in the 20s and 30s, the theory of theory and practice in the movement of text reform, and then to trace the Chinese Communist Party leadership in the period of the democratic revolution. The main course of the reform points out that the thought and theory of the Chinese Communist Party's text reform is the inheritance, abandonment and development of the exploration of the literary reform since modern times, and the practice of the Chinese Communist Party in the base areas has accumulated valuable experience teaching for the reform of the contemporary Chinese characters.
The second chapter discusses the historical background of the contemporary Chinese language reform and the strategic understanding of the Chinese Communist Party on the reform of the text. One is to analyze the theoretical preparation of the text reform in the early days of the founding of new China, including the Marx theory of language and characters, the theory of the reform of words and the understanding of the law of the development of characters in modern times, and the two is to elaborate. The demand of the time of the reform of the text mainly analyzes the domestic and foreign situation facing the agenda of the Chinese Communist Party at that time - the need for the construction of new China and the trend of the reform of the phonetic alphabetic writing in the world.
The third chapter describes the overall expansion of the text reform in the period of 1949-1978 years of socialist revolution and construction, focusing on how to determine the three tasks of the Chinese Communist Party in the process of leading character reform, how to set up the three tasks of the reform of the text, how to set off a climax in the work of the text reform, and make a steady progress in the adjustment and consolidation, and in the "Cultural Revolution" The period and the two-year wandering period stumble forward in the low tide, showing the great achievements and tortuous course of the literary reform in New China.
The fourth chapter examines the party's reflection on the reform of the text since the founding of the people's Republic of China in the past 1979-1986 years and the readjustment of the policy on the reform of the text in the new period. It mainly analyzes the reflection of the party and the government on the direction of the "Pinyin" in the reform of the text, whether it should continue to promote the work of the text reform, and the needs of the new situation, and the need for the new situation. The adjustment of the policy of language and writing in the new period, including the abolition of the second simplified Chinese characters (Draft) and the completion of the work of the text reform, has been completed in the period of the abolition of the "Cultural Revolution", and a national conference on language and writing in 1986 has been held to establish the policy of language and language work in the new period, and to work the language and characters in the new period. The point is to strengthen the standardization and standardization of language and characters instead of reforming them.
The fifth chapter outlines the main contents and achievements of the work of language and writing in the new period after the 1986. As the focus of the work of language and character in this period is not a text reform, the work of this period is not thoroughly studied, but the emphasis and support of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of China on the work of the language and characters of the new time period. We should actively popularize Putonghua, strive to promote standardized standardization of Chinese characters, continue to carry out and improve the Chinese phonetic scheme, and actively open up a new situation in the Chinese information processing work, which are the five aspects to summarize the language and language work of this period.
The sixth chapter makes a general evaluation on the reform of contemporary Chinese characters. The thesis adopts the principles of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, objectively appraise the nature and characteristics of the reform of contemporary Chinese characters, achievements and influences, and analyze the shortcomings and shortages of the reform work in Contemporary Chinese characters, and sum up the current work of language and writing on this basis. A number of revelations.
The concluding part is mainly about the continuing exploration of the current academic circles on the reform of words, that is, the study of "the modernization of Chinese language", and puts forward three suggestions on how to vigorously promote the exploration of the modernization of Chinese language.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H125;D232
，
本文编号：2142833
[Abstract]:The reform of contemporary Chinese characters is not only the inheritance and development of the ideological trend of thought and practice, but also the development of the thought and practice of the text reform, which is in the face of the serious crisis that China has been divided in the world since modern times. It is also an abandonment to the trend of thought and practice of the modern word reform. The Chinese Communist Party inherits and develops its reasonable part, sublate and discard the radical and wrong of the Chinese Communist Party. By mistake, we have made unprecedented success in the reform of contemporary Chinese characters and become the most brilliant chapter in the reform of Chinese writing. The paper mainly studies the three major tasks of the reform of new Chinese characters led by the Communist Party of China in the past 1949-1986 years, namely, to organize and simplify Chinese characters, to popularize Putonghua, to formulate and carry out the Chinese phonetic scheme. This paper systematically investigates the tortuous course of the theory and practice of the contemporary Chinese character reform and its reform and development, objectively appraise the great achievements and important influences in the reform of contemporary Chinese characters, and deeply analyze the shortcomings in the reform work of contemporary Chinese characters, and summarize the experiences and lessons from it, with a view to the contemporary language. The work of words is enlightening.
The thesis is divided into eight parts. The introduction part mainly expounds the origin and significance of the topic, the review of the present research status at home and abroad, the research ideas, methods and the basic framework of the thesis, and explains the key, difficult and innovative points of the paper.
The first chapter reviews the history of the text reform on the eve of the founding of the new China, the first is to comb the end of the Qing Dynasty, the first year of the Republic of China, the 54 period in the first century in the 20s and 30s, the theory of theory and practice in the movement of text reform, and then to trace the Chinese Communist Party leadership in the period of the democratic revolution. The main course of the reform points out that the thought and theory of the Chinese Communist Party's text reform is the inheritance, abandonment and development of the exploration of the literary reform since modern times, and the practice of the Chinese Communist Party in the base areas has accumulated valuable experience teaching for the reform of the contemporary Chinese characters.
The second chapter discusses the historical background of the contemporary Chinese language reform and the strategic understanding of the Chinese Communist Party on the reform of the text. One is to analyze the theoretical preparation of the text reform in the early days of the founding of new China, including the Marx theory of language and characters, the theory of the reform of words and the understanding of the law of the development of characters in modern times, and the two is to elaborate. The demand of the time of the reform of the text mainly analyzes the domestic and foreign situation facing the agenda of the Chinese Communist Party at that time - the need for the construction of new China and the trend of the reform of the phonetic alphabetic writing in the world.
The third chapter describes the overall expansion of the text reform in the period of 1949-1978 years of socialist revolution and construction, focusing on how to determine the three tasks of the Chinese Communist Party in the process of leading character reform, how to set up the three tasks of the reform of the text, how to set off a climax in the work of the text reform, and make a steady progress in the adjustment and consolidation, and in the "Cultural Revolution" The period and the two-year wandering period stumble forward in the low tide, showing the great achievements and tortuous course of the literary reform in New China.
The fourth chapter examines the party's reflection on the reform of the text since the founding of the people's Republic of China in the past 1979-1986 years and the readjustment of the policy on the reform of the text in the new period. It mainly analyzes the reflection of the party and the government on the direction of the "Pinyin" in the reform of the text, whether it should continue to promote the work of the text reform, and the needs of the new situation, and the need for the new situation. The adjustment of the policy of language and writing in the new period, including the abolition of the second simplified Chinese characters (Draft) and the completion of the work of the text reform, has been completed in the period of the abolition of the "Cultural Revolution", and a national conference on language and writing in 1986 has been held to establish the policy of language and language work in the new period, and to work the language and characters in the new period. The point is to strengthen the standardization and standardization of language and characters instead of reforming them.
The fifth chapter outlines the main contents and achievements of the work of language and writing in the new period after the 1986. As the focus of the work of language and character in this period is not a text reform, the work of this period is not thoroughly studied, but the emphasis and support of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of China on the work of the language and characters of the new time period. We should actively popularize Putonghua, strive to promote standardized standardization of Chinese characters, continue to carry out and improve the Chinese phonetic scheme, and actively open up a new situation in the Chinese information processing work, which are the five aspects to summarize the language and language work of this period.
The sixth chapter makes a general evaluation on the reform of contemporary Chinese characters. The thesis adopts the principles of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, objectively appraise the nature and characteristics of the reform of contemporary Chinese characters, achievements and influences, and analyze the shortcomings and shortages of the reform work in Contemporary Chinese characters, and sum up the current work of language and writing on this basis. A number of revelations.
The concluding part is mainly about the continuing exploration of the current academic circles on the reform of words, that is, the study of "the modernization of Chinese language", and puts forward three suggestions on how to vigorously promote the exploration of the modernization of Chinese language.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H125;D232
，
本文编号：2142833
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