陈毅的知识分子思想与实践研究（1949-1966）
发布时间：2018-08-16 13:17
【摘要】：本文是关于1949年—1966年陈毅知识分子思想与实践的研究。建国后,陈毅担任上海市第一任市长,后来担任国务院分管科学文化工作的副总理,其特殊的政治生涯,让陈毅与知识分子的交往密切,在与知识分子的密切交往工作中,陈毅形成了一整套关于知识分子的思想,为新中国的科教文卫事业作出了突出贡献。1949—1966年陈毅的知识分子思想形成有其特定的历史条件。马克思主义和毛泽东思想是陈毅知识分子思想形成的重要理论来源。建国初期恢复经济和巩固政权需要团结大批知识分子,社会主义建设的全面开展也需要依靠科学文化教育,另一方面,陈毅本人知识分子的出身也使陈毅能够更加了解知识分子,而在长期的革命和建设实践中陈毅也认识到知识分子的重要性,陈毅的个人经历也是1949—1966年陈毅知识分子思想形成的重要条件。陈毅首先科学定位知识分子的阶级属性,认为知识分子是劳动人民联盟的一部分,应取消资产阶级知识分子的帽子。他重视团结知识分子,认为团结的人越多越好,同时,他尊重知识和人才。对于如何正确处理红与专的关系,陈毅也提出了一系列科学的见解,他指出,不是要让每个科学家都成为马列主义理论家,党要领导,也要通过党的专家来领导。同时提出,知识分子的思想改造是必要的,但要和风细雨,不能强迫,不能急进。1949—1966年陈毅的知识分子思想体现在他具体的知识分子工作中,在实践工作中,陈毅求贤若渴、知人善任,重用原国民党政府官员和高级知识分子,最大程度地团结各界知识分子,消除知识分子的思想顾虑,礼贤下士,主动与知识分子交心,为知识分子公开"脱帽加冕",在实际工作中,关心文物保护和博物馆建设,重视文教工作的接管,关怀文艺建设工作者。陈毅为知识分子创造良好的工作条件,积极努力改善知识分子的待遇,关心和照顾人才。1949—1966年陈毅知识分子思想与实践具有重要的历史意义,它是对共产党人关于知识分子问题的理论的丰富与发展,在很大程度上调动了知识分子建设,国家的积极性,促进了科教文艺事业的发展,但同时陈毅的知识分子思想与实践在当时特定的历史环境下,也有着一定的历史局限性,其关于知识分子的思想在一定程度上还是难以突破党在知识分子政策上的部分局限,其思想并没有分清知识分子阶级属性和政治归属的双重性问题,其思想也没有得到长足发展。1949—1966年陈毅知识分子的思想与实践对我们当今中国来说,在解决知识分子的问题上,有着极其重要的现实启示,在当今社会,应树立正确的知识分子观,以知识创新推动经济发展,提高知识分子的社会地位,同时还要制定科学的知识分子政策,制定科学民主的文化政策,建立科学合理的知识体制,重视知识分子的独立性,重视知识尊严与人格独立,为知识分子的独立和自由提供法律保障,正确处理学术与政治的关系,在社会主义共同理想的大背景下处理好一元与多元的关系,同时在当今这个复杂的社会环境下,应该重视知识分子的人格净化。陈毅提出的关于知识分子政策的一些意见和看法,是陈毅关于知识分子问题的重要思考,陈毅的知识分子思想是他作为一名爱国的共产党人,用自己独特的方式来寻求建设新中国之路而苦苦探索的思想结晶。在改革开放三十多年的今天,如果我们能积极吸收它的宝贵财富,对我们今天仍旧具有借鉴和启示作用。
[Abstract]:This paper deals with the study of Chen Yi's intellectual thought and practice from 1949 to 1966. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Chen Yi became the first mayor of Shanghai and later the Vice-Premier of the State Council in charge of scientific and cultural work. His special political career made Chen Yi's contacts with intellectuals close. In his close contacts with intellectuals, Chen Yi-shaped. From 1949 to 1966, the formation of Chen Yi's intellectuals'thought had its specific historical conditions. Marxism and Mao Zedong Thought were the important theoretical sources of Chen Yi's intellectuals' thought. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic, the economy was restored and the government consolidated. Power needs to unite a large number of intellectuals, and the comprehensive development of socialist construction also needs to rely on scientific and cultural education. On the other hand, Chen Yi's intellectual background also enables him to understand intellectuals better. In the long-term practice of revolution and construction, Chen Yi also recognizes the importance of intellectuals, and Chen Yi's personal experience is also the same. Chen Yi first scientifically defined the class attributes of intellectuals. He believed that intellectuals were part of the labor people's Union and that the capitalist intellectuals should be abolished. He attached great importance to uniting intellectuals and believed that the more the intellectuals, the better. At the same time, he respected knowledge and talents. Chen Yi also put forward a series of scientific views on how to properly handle the relationship between the Red Cross and the Specialist College. He pointed out that not every scientist should be a Marxist-Leninist theorist, but the Party should lead and be led by the Party's experts. From 1949 to 1966, Chen Yi's intellectuals thought was embodied in his concrete work. In practice, Chen Yi was eager for virtue, knowledgeable and responsible, reused the former Kuomintang government officials and senior intellectuals, United intellectuals from all walks of life to the greatest extent, dispelled their ideological concerns, and made friends with intellectuals on his own initiative. Chen Yi created good working conditions for intellectuals, made great efforts to improve the treatment of intellectuals, cared for and cared for talents. Chen Yi's intellectuals thought from 1949 to 1966 Ideas and practices have important historical significance. They enrich and develop the theory of the Communists on the problem of intellectuals. To a great extent, they mobilize the construction of intellectuals and the enthusiasm of the state, and promote the development of science, education, literature and art. There are certain historical limitations. To a certain extent, his thoughts on intellectuals are still difficult to break through some of the limitations of the Party's policies on intellectuals. His thoughts do not distinguish the dual problems of class attributes and political attribution of intellectuals, and his thoughts have not been greatly developed. The thoughts of Chen Yi's intellectuals from 1949 to 1966 Want and practice have very important realistic enlightenment for us to solve the problem of intellectuals nowadays in China. In today's society, we should establish a correct view of intellectuals, promote economic development with knowledge innovation, and improve the social status of intellectuals. At the same time, we should formulate scientific policies for intellectuals and formulate a culture of scientific democracy. Policies should be made to establish a scientific and rational knowledge system, to attach importance to the independence of intellectuals, to intellectual dignity and personality independence, to provide legal protection for the independence and freedom of intellectuals, to properly handle the relationship between academia and politics, and to properly handle the relationship between unity and pluralism in the context of the common socialist ideal. At the same time, in today's complex situation Under the social environment, we should attach importance to the purification of intellectuals'personality. Chen Yi's views and opinions on the policy of intellectuals are Chen Yi's important thoughts on the problem of intellectuals. Chen Yi's intellectuals' thought is that he, as a patriotic Communist Party member, has sought the road of building a new China in his own unique way. In the 30 years of reform and opening up today, if we can actively absorb its valuable wealth, we still have a reference and inspiration for today.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D232
本文编号：2186096
[Abstract]:This paper deals with the study of Chen Yi's intellectual thought and practice from 1949 to 1966. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Chen Yi became the first mayor of Shanghai and later the Vice-Premier of the State Council in charge of scientific and cultural work. His special political career made Chen Yi's contacts with intellectuals close. In his close contacts with intellectuals, Chen Yi-shaped. From 1949 to 1966, the formation of Chen Yi's intellectuals'thought had its specific historical conditions. Marxism and Mao Zedong Thought were the important theoretical sources of Chen Yi's intellectuals' thought. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic, the economy was restored and the government consolidated. Power needs to unite a large number of intellectuals, and the comprehensive development of socialist construction also needs to rely on scientific and cultural education. On the other hand, Chen Yi's intellectual background also enables him to understand intellectuals better. In the long-term practice of revolution and construction, Chen Yi also recognizes the importance of intellectuals, and Chen Yi's personal experience is also the same. Chen Yi first scientifically defined the class attributes of intellectuals. He believed that intellectuals were part of the labor people's Union and that the capitalist intellectuals should be abolished. He attached great importance to uniting intellectuals and believed that the more the intellectuals, the better. At the same time, he respected knowledge and talents. Chen Yi also put forward a series of scientific views on how to properly handle the relationship between the Red Cross and the Specialist College. He pointed out that not every scientist should be a Marxist-Leninist theorist, but the Party should lead and be led by the Party's experts. From 1949 to 1966, Chen Yi's intellectuals thought was embodied in his concrete work. In practice, Chen Yi was eager for virtue, knowledgeable and responsible, reused the former Kuomintang government officials and senior intellectuals, United intellectuals from all walks of life to the greatest extent, dispelled their ideological concerns, and made friends with intellectuals on his own initiative. Chen Yi created good working conditions for intellectuals, made great efforts to improve the treatment of intellectuals, cared for and cared for talents. Chen Yi's intellectuals thought from 1949 to 1966 Ideas and practices have important historical significance. They enrich and develop the theory of the Communists on the problem of intellectuals. To a great extent, they mobilize the construction of intellectuals and the enthusiasm of the state, and promote the development of science, education, literature and art. There are certain historical limitations. To a certain extent, his thoughts on intellectuals are still difficult to break through some of the limitations of the Party's policies on intellectuals. His thoughts do not distinguish the dual problems of class attributes and political attribution of intellectuals, and his thoughts have not been greatly developed. The thoughts of Chen Yi's intellectuals from 1949 to 1966 Want and practice have very important realistic enlightenment for us to solve the problem of intellectuals nowadays in China. In today's society, we should establish a correct view of intellectuals, promote economic development with knowledge innovation, and improve the social status of intellectuals. At the same time, we should formulate scientific policies for intellectuals and formulate a culture of scientific democracy. Policies should be made to establish a scientific and rational knowledge system, to attach importance to the independence of intellectuals, to intellectual dignity and personality independence, to provide legal protection for the independence and freedom of intellectuals, to properly handle the relationship between academia and politics, and to properly handle the relationship between unity and pluralism in the context of the common socialist ideal. At the same time, in today's complex situation Under the social environment, we should attach importance to the purification of intellectuals'personality. Chen Yi's views and opinions on the policy of intellectuals are Chen Yi's important thoughts on the problem of intellectuals. Chen Yi's intellectuals' thought is that he, as a patriotic Communist Party member, has sought the road of building a new China in his own unique way. In the 30 years of reform and opening up today, if we can actively absorb its valuable wealth, we still have a reference and inspiration for today.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D232
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