1978-1992年中国共产党知识分子政策的研究

发布时间：2018-09-11 06:17

【摘要】：1978年至1992年是中国共产党知识分子政策史上值得关注的一个历史阶段。拨乱反正政策的落实和新的知识分子政策的出台都在这一关键时期成功地实践。在总结以往经验教训基础上，中国共产党正确认识知识分子和知识分子问题，从理解和关怀的角度，主动改善与知识分子的关系，以解决知识分子实际困难入手，通过一系列政策的调整，不断创造有利于知识分子能力和作用发挥的条件和环境。这一时期的知识分子政策鲜明地体现出中国共产党正逐渐把知识分子问题放在“安邦兴国”的高度，在“尊重知识、尊重人才”基本方针指导下，以积极的态度解决知识分子问题，充分调动知识分子的积极性、主动性和创造性，实现国家利益与知识分子价值共赢的发展思路。中国共产党和知识分子的关系直接影响到知识分子能动作用的发挥，波及到国家的发展和社会的进步。这种关系是通过知识分子政策不断进行调整的。这一时期，按国内环境背景，可以细分为三个阶段，每个阶段都有不同的历史任务需要解决。中国共产党在这一时期对知识分子问题的思考，，主要归纳如下：如何改善与知识分子的关系？如何发挥知识分子的作用？如何保障知识分子的权益？如何促进知识分子的发展？在对这些问题的分析和解决的过程中，新时期中国共产党知识分子政策形成和确立。本文将从国内环境背景中厘定知识分子政策出台的现实依据；对政策文本主要内容进行阐述，廓清不同时期问题集中的领域和政策调控的重点；通过搜集整理真实论据来反映这一时期中国共产党知识分子政策的实施效果并做简单评述。本文综合运用系统研究法、个案研究法、比较研究法等方法，在对大量材料进行梳理中完成对整体框架和内容的理解与把握。全文由绪论、正文四章、结语组成。绪论部分，首先是阐释问题的提出、选题的意义。其次是界定相关概念，明确研究对象。再次是研究基础与学术史回顾。对本文理论性、科学性的必要支撑进行说明，并阐述深入研究的必要性。最后是介绍本文的主要内容、基本框架与创新之处，揭示本文的思考脉络与内在逻辑，并论证本文的研究价值。第一章首先对中国共产党知识分子政策的历史沿革进行阐述。之后，详解在拨乱反正背景下的知识分子政策。基于对知识分子阶级属性的正确认知，中国共产党从恢复知识分子名誉地位、改善知识分子待遇、重视知识分子培养、规范知识分子管理和使用几个方面出台了一系列政策，建立与知识分子的互信关系，为知识分子作用的发挥创造条件。第二章阐述在全面调整和改革开放的历史阶段，围绕建设有中国特色的社会主义的中心任务和发展目标要求，秉持“尊重知识、尊重人才”的价值理念，中国共产党从解决历史遗留问题、提高知识分子的地位和待遇、推进科教体制改革、加强知识分子队伍建设方面，积极做好相关工作的落实，为知识分子施展才华营造更为宽松的环境。第三章阐述在国内外政治局势趋于紧张、改革路遇深层次矛盾的困窘时期，中国共产党明确提出知识分子是先进生产力的开拓者，从而保证了政策的平稳发展。中国共产党从深化科技、教育、文化体制改革，高层次人才的优待、管理和使用，引导知识分子合理流动、保障知识分子权益几个方面，适应市场经济发展要求全面优化环境，通过健全法制保障知识分子权益，为促进知识分子的全面发展开辟新路径。在第四章，笔者通过获取和整理能够反映当时知识分子政策实施情况的政策文本、国家财政投入、教科文卫事业发展、知识分子生存状态的相关数据样本，在实证研究视阈下进行分析与阐释，全面总结这一时期知识分子政策的绩效。最后，笔者结合实际，阐释“尊重”应有的涵义。本文得出如下结论：理解和尊重知识分子自由而全面发展的重要性和规律性，是知识分子政策制定的合理性和政策执行的实效性的前提。“尊重”的立意首先要从知识分子主体性要求出发，准确把握知识分子问题的实质，强化知识分子参与政策制定的作用，以此构建中国共产党和知识分子互利共赢的和谐关系。其次，“尊重”的内容要具体，尊重的层面要扩大。在实践中要善于发现问题并立足于解决问题的需要，使政策内容具体化。要恰当地制定相关配套措施，使政策的执行具有可操作性。要针对不同群体、分类细化知识分子政策，使知识分子政策真正惠及到更多的领域和群体。再次，“尊重知识、尊重人才”的环境与氛围的营造，要围绕知识分子问题的解决，以求真务实的精神，不断排解矛盾与阻障，积极创造知识分子作用发挥的条件。知识分子政策的落实需要有健全的经济体制、社会机制等方面的保障。要建立良好的运行、监督、反馈机制，保证政策效力的发挥和政策目标的达成。最后，要适应发展的需要，统筹现实需求，全面优化环境。要不断完善知识分子政策，保障知识分子权益，体现知识分子主体地位，创造人尽其才，各尽其能的良好局面。
[Abstract]:From 1978 to 1992 is a historic stage in the history of the intellectual policy of the Communist Party of China. The implementation of the policy of removing chaos from chaos and the introduction of the new policy of intellectuals have been successfully carried out in this critical period. From the angle of understanding and caring, the relationship between intellectuals and intellectuals should be improved actively to solve the practical difficulties of intellectuals. Through a series of policy adjustments, the conditions and environment conducive to the exertion of intellectuals'abilities and functions should be constantly created. The policy of intellectuals in this period clearly reflects that the Communist Party of China is gradually questioning intellectuals. Under the guidance of the basic principle of "respecting knowledge and talents", we should solve the problem of intellectuals with a positive attitude, fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of intellectuals, and realize the win-win development of national interests and intellectual values.
The relationship between the Communist Party of China and intellectuals has a direct impact on the active role of intellectuals, which affects the development of the country and the progress of society. This relationship is constantly adjusted through the policy of intellectuals. To solve this problem, the Communist Party of China's thinking on intellectuals in this period can be summarized as follows: how to improve the relationship with intellectuals? How to play the role of intellectuals? How to protect the rights and interests of intellectuals? How to promote the development of intellectuals? In the process of analyzing and solving these problems, the Communist Party of China in the new period The formation and establishment of the policy of Party intellectuals.
This paper will clarify the realistic basis of the policy of intellectuals from the domestic environment background; elaborate the main content of the policy text, clarify the areas of problem concentration and the key points of policy regulation and control in different periods; reflect the effect of the implementation of the policy of intellectuals of the Communist Party of China in this period by collecting and sorting out the real arguments and make it simple This paper comprehensively uses the methods of system research, case study and comparative study to complete the understanding and grasp of the overall framework and content in combing a large number of materials.
The full text is composed of the introduction, the four chapters and the epilogue.
In the introduction part, firstly, it explains the proposition of the problem and the significance of the topic selection. Secondly, it defines the relevant concepts and clarifies the object of study. Thirdly, it reviews the research foundation and academic history. It reveals the thinking context and internal logic of this article, and demonstrates the value of this study.
In the first chapter, the historical evolution of the intellectuals policy of the Communist Party of China is expounded firstly, and then the intellectuals policy under the background of rectifying the chaos is explained in detail.Based on the correct knowledge of the class attributes of intellectuals, the Communist Party of China restores the status of intellectuals, improves the treatment of intellectuals, attaches importance to the cultivation of intellectuals and standardizes A series of policies have been issued on the management and use of intellectuals to establish mutual trust with them and create conditions for them to play their roles.
Chapter Two expounds that in the historical stage of comprehensive adjustment and reform and opening up, the Communist Party of China resolves the problems left over by history, improves the status and treatment of intellectuals, and advances the reform of science and education system in accordance with the central task of building socialism with Chinese characteristics and the requirements of development objectives and the values of "respecting knowledge and respecting talents". Strengthen the construction of intellectuals, actively do a good job in the implementation of relevant work, to create a more relaxed environment for intellectuals to display their talents.
Chapter Three expounds the dilemma in which the political situation at home and abroad tends to be tense and the road to reform encounters deep-seated contradictions. The Communist Party of China clearly puts forward that intellectuals are the pioneers of advanced productive forces, thus ensuring the smooth development of policies. To guide the rational flow of intellectuals, protect the rights and interests of intellectuals, to meet the requirements of the development of the market economy, to optimize the environment in an all-round way, to protect the rights and interests of intellectuals by improving the legal system, and to open up a new path for promoting the all-round development of intellectuals.
In the fourth chapter, the author summarizes the performance of the intellectual policy in this period by acquiring and sorting out the relevant data samples which can reflect the implementation of the intellectual policy, the state financial input, the development of the educational, cultural and health undertakings, and the survival status of the intellectuals.
Finally, the author explains the meaning of "respect" according to reality.
This paper draws the following conclusions: Understanding and respecting the importance and regularity of intellectual freedom and all-round development is the premise of the rationality of intellectual policy making and the effectiveness of policy implementation. Secondly, the content of "respect" should be specific, and the level of respect should be expanded. In practice, we should be good at finding problems and basing on the need to solve problems, so that the policy content can be concretized. The implementation of the policy is operable. We should classify and refine the policies of intellectuals according to different groups, so that the policies of intellectuals can really benefit more fields and groups. Thirdly, the construction of the environment and atmosphere of "respecting knowledge and talents" should focus on the solution of the problems of intellectuals, in order to seek truth and pragmatism, and constantly resolve contradictions and obstacles. The implementation of intellectuals'policies requires sound economic systems and social mechanisms. A sound operation, supervision and feedback mechanism should be established to ensure the effectiveness of the policies and the achievement of policy objectives. Finally, it is necessary to meet the needs of development, balance the actual needs and optimize them in an all-round way. Environment. We should constantly improve the policy of intellectuals, safeguard their rights and interests, embody the status of intellectuals as the main body, and create a good situation in which people do their best and do their best.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D232;D663.5

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