新民主主义时期革命道德建构的历史考察
发布时间：2018-11-10 06:58
【摘要】：1840年鸦片战争后,中国出现了“数千年未有之变局”,以儒家“三纲五常”为核心的中国传统价值观和道德规范体系在遭遇西方文明的严峻挑战后出现了危机。这种危机伴随着近现代社会的重大历史事件,步步加深,最终在五四运动时期出现坍塌。一个民族的发展不能出现价值观信仰和道德的真空,要使中华民族走出危难,必须进行道德建构。中国共产党领导的新民主主义革命,不仅进行了制度革命,而且在中华民族找寻意义世界的紧要关头,重建了伦理秩序。但是长期以来,共产党人在新民主主义时期革命道德建构问题并未受到学术界足够的重视,伦理学界虽有关于“革命道德”的研究,但针对新民主主义时期系统而深入的专门研究尚不多见。本文参考学术界已有的相关研究成果,在认真研读原始文献的基础上,以革命道德建构为重点,对传统道德危机的形成及其来源、革命道德建构的内涵与历程、经验与影响等进行了较为系统的探析。本文认为,道德建构的问题与近代社会转型一直相伴,只是国人对此的认知经历了一个漫长的过程。其中,农民阶级和资产阶级也有一些自觉与不自觉的思考,但最终开启政治革命需要伦理道德演进的觉悟、形成从观念层面到实践层面道德建构模式的是中国共产党。本文进一步认为,新民主主义时期是革命道德形成的重要时期,共产党人在这一时期培育了共产主义理想信念,建立了新型伦理关系,发展了集体主义道德原则,形成了为人民服务的道德核心,确立了“四位一体”爱国主义道德要求并成功地进行了道德治理的创新。革命道德建构的每一界面都紧紧依随新民主主义革命的斗争实践,形成了与革命任务相辅相成的历史演进历程。仔细而又审慎地梳理这段建构历史,一条主线清晰呈现:以道德建构服务武装斗争,以武装斗争保障道德建构,革命与建设交相辉映,既占领革命的制高点,又占领道义的制高点。本文还尝试提炼革命道德建构历程中的一些规律性认知,认为新民主主义时期的革命道德建构鲜明地体现了实践性、人民性、科学性、民族性、层次性的价值取向与理论特征,也因之如此,它一枝独秀于众多在观念中咀嚼的道德形态。最后,本文针对今日中国同处社会转型期,亦有道德滑坡、利益纠葛的现实,探讨了新民主主义时期革命道德建构对于当代中国现代化转型的意义和价值。总之,新民主主义时期革命道德建构不仅是新民主主义革命不可分割的重要组成部分,更是中国特色社会主义道德建设的前提和基础。
[Abstract]:After the Opium War in 1840, China experienced "unprecedented changes in thousands of years", and the traditional Chinese values and ethics system with the core of Confucianism as the core appeared crisis after the severe challenge of Western civilization. With the great historical events of modern society, the crisis deepened step by step and finally collapsed during the May 4th Movement. The development of a nation cannot lead to a vacuum of values, beliefs and morality, and moral construction must be carried out in order to make the Chinese nation out of distress. The new democratic revolution led by the Communist Party of China not only carried out the institutional revolution, but also rebuilt the ethical order at the critical moment when the Chinese nation was looking for a meaningful world. However, for a long time, the issue of the construction of revolutionary morality among Communists in the new democratic period has not received enough attention from the academic community. Although the ethical circles have studied the "revolutionary morality", However, the systematic and in-depth research on the new democratic period is still rare. In this paper, referring to the relevant research results in academic circles, on the basis of studying the original literature, focusing on the construction of revolutionary morality, the paper discusses the formation and origin of the traditional moral crisis, the connotation and course of the construction of revolutionary morality. Experience and influence are analyzed systematically. This paper holds that the problem of moral construction has always been accompanied by the transformation of modern society, but the cognition of it has gone through a long process. Among them, the peasant class and the bourgeoisie also have some conscious and unconscious thinking, but it is the Communist Party of China that finally opens the political revolution needs the consciousness of the evolution of ethics and morals, and forms the moral construction model from the concept level to the practical level. This paper further holds that the new democratic period is an important period for the formation of revolutionary morality, in which the Communists cultivated the communist ideal and belief, established a new ethical relationship, and developed the moral principles of collectivism. It has formed the moral core of serving the people, established the "four-in-one" patriotic moral requirements and successfully carried out the innovation of moral governance. Every interface of the construction of revolutionary morality closely follows the struggle practice of the new democratic revolution and forms the historical evolution course which is complementary to the revolutionary task. Carefully and carefully combing the history of this period of construction, a main line clearly presents: serving armed struggle with moral construction, safeguarding moral construction with armed struggle, combining revolution with construction, occupying the commanding point of revolution. And occupy the high ground of morality. This paper also attempts to refine some regular cognition in the course of the construction of revolutionary morality, and holds that the construction of revolutionary morality in the new democratic period clearly embodies the value orientation and theoretical characteristics of practicality, people, science, nationality and hierarchy. As a result, it stands alone in many moral forms chewed in ideas. Finally, this paper discusses the significance and value of the construction of revolutionary morality in the new democratic period for the modern China's modernization transformation in view of the fact that there is also a decline in morality and conflicts of interests in the same period of social transformation in today's China. In short, the construction of revolutionary morality in the new democratic period is not only an integral part of the new democratic revolution, but also the premise and foundation of the moral construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D231;D64
，
本文编号：2321709
[Abstract]:After the Opium War in 1840, China experienced "unprecedented changes in thousands of years", and the traditional Chinese values and ethics system with the core of Confucianism as the core appeared crisis after the severe challenge of Western civilization. With the great historical events of modern society, the crisis deepened step by step and finally collapsed during the May 4th Movement. The development of a nation cannot lead to a vacuum of values, beliefs and morality, and moral construction must be carried out in order to make the Chinese nation out of distress. The new democratic revolution led by the Communist Party of China not only carried out the institutional revolution, but also rebuilt the ethical order at the critical moment when the Chinese nation was looking for a meaningful world. However, for a long time, the issue of the construction of revolutionary morality among Communists in the new democratic period has not received enough attention from the academic community. Although the ethical circles have studied the "revolutionary morality", However, the systematic and in-depth research on the new democratic period is still rare. In this paper, referring to the relevant research results in academic circles, on the basis of studying the original literature, focusing on the construction of revolutionary morality, the paper discusses the formation and origin of the traditional moral crisis, the connotation and course of the construction of revolutionary morality. Experience and influence are analyzed systematically. This paper holds that the problem of moral construction has always been accompanied by the transformation of modern society, but the cognition of it has gone through a long process. Among them, the peasant class and the bourgeoisie also have some conscious and unconscious thinking, but it is the Communist Party of China that finally opens the political revolution needs the consciousness of the evolution of ethics and morals, and forms the moral construction model from the concept level to the practical level. This paper further holds that the new democratic period is an important period for the formation of revolutionary morality, in which the Communists cultivated the communist ideal and belief, established a new ethical relationship, and developed the moral principles of collectivism. It has formed the moral core of serving the people, established the "four-in-one" patriotic moral requirements and successfully carried out the innovation of moral governance. Every interface of the construction of revolutionary morality closely follows the struggle practice of the new democratic revolution and forms the historical evolution course which is complementary to the revolutionary task. Carefully and carefully combing the history of this period of construction, a main line clearly presents: serving armed struggle with moral construction, safeguarding moral construction with armed struggle, combining revolution with construction, occupying the commanding point of revolution. And occupy the high ground of morality. This paper also attempts to refine some regular cognition in the course of the construction of revolutionary morality, and holds that the construction of revolutionary morality in the new democratic period clearly embodies the value orientation and theoretical characteristics of practicality, people, science, nationality and hierarchy. As a result, it stands alone in many moral forms chewed in ideas. Finally, this paper discusses the significance and value of the construction of revolutionary morality in the new democratic period for the modern China's modernization transformation in view of the fact that there is also a decline in morality and conflicts of interests in the same period of social transformation in today's China. In short, the construction of revolutionary morality in the new democratic period is not only an integral part of the new democratic revolution, but also the premise and foundation of the moral construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D231;D64
，
本文编号：2321709
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shekelunwen/dangjiandangzheng/2321709.html
