国家监察体制改革:总体方案、分析评论与对策建议

发布时间：2019-02-15 08:09

【摘要】：反腐败形势虽然复杂严峻,但经过不到5年的猛敲狠打,腐败顽石开始碎裂,坚冰开始消融,腐败蔓延势头得到有效遏制,反腐败斗争压倒性态势很快从"正在形成"切换到"已经形成"。不敢腐的目标初步实现,不能腐的制度日益完善,不想腐的堤坝正在构筑,党内政治生活呈现新的气象。在与腐败和不正之风的坚决斗争中,反腐败体制机制改革功不可没,为完善党和国家的监督制度作出了历史性贡献。监察体制改革是中国反腐体制改革中一次革命性变革。2016年11月,中共中央办公厅印发《关于在北京市、山西省、浙江省开展国家监察体制改革试点方案》。北京市、山西省、浙江省率先实验、探索实践,在体制机制、制度建设等方面研究破解反腐力量分散、监督不能全覆盖等问题,为在全国推开积累经验。为进一步做好监察体制改革,优化改革方案,促进改革取得更好效果,本刊特邀在廉政学和国家治理领域长期从事研究的专家对国家监察体制改革细节问题进行研究。《比较视角下的国家监察体制改革》提出,监察体制是所有国家和地区政权建设不可缺少的内容,国(境)外监察体制改革既存在积极有利的因素,也存在消极不利的因素,当前有必要综合分析借鉴国(境)外的监察体制改革的利弊得失,强化监察委员会调查腐败案件的独立性和权威性,重视并用足监督措施,继续完善机构的内部改革,敦促并力推外围配套改革,把私营机构纳入监督范围。《国家监察体制改革:总体方案、分析评论与对策建议》提出了"3+2+1"的改革方案,主张增强国家监察机构独立性,强化对监委会的监督,推进监督体制的系统改革,推行职业化和专业化,优化监委会的层级设置。《国家监察权设置的功能》认为,国家监察体制改革实际上是将国家权力结构进行调整。国家监察权的权威性足以保障权力正常运行,其法治化、规范化运行对被监督人员行使权力具备直接保障功能,对国家公职行为产生净化功能,同时增加公民对国家的信任,具有国家整体形象的增信功能。《建立专业化导向的国家监察官制度》认为,反腐工作需要一支专业人才队伍来承担;我国公务员以及反腐败机构的管理制度行政化色彩强烈,制约了反腐败人员专业水平的提升;香港廉政公署以专业化为导向的人事管理制度值得借鉴;可以通过建立专业化导向的国家监察官制度以实现反腐败队伍的职业化和专业化。
[Abstract]:Although the anti-corruption situation is complex and grim, after less than five years of fierce blows, the stone of corruption began to crack, the ice began to melt, and the spreading momentum of corruption was effectively curbed. The overwhelming trend in the fight against corruption quickly shifted from being formed to already formed. The goal of fear of corruption is initially realized, the system of incorruptible is becoming more and more perfect, the dyke that does not want to rot is being constructed, and the political life of the Party presents a new atmosphere. In the resolute struggle against corruption and unhealthy tendencies, the reform of anti-corruption system and mechanism has made a historic contribution to the improvement of the supervision system of the Party and the country. The reform of supervisory system is a revolutionary change in the reform of anti-corruption system in China. In November 2016, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee issued a pilot program on the reform of the state supervisory system in Beijing, Shanxi and Zhejiang provinces. Beijing, Shanxi, Zhejiang Province take the lead in experiments, explore practice, in the system mechanism, system construction and other aspects of research to crack the spread of anti-corruption forces, supervision can not cover all of the problems, so as to promote the accumulation of experience across the country. In order to further improve the reform of the supervisory system, optimize the reform plan, and promote the reform to achieve better results, Experts in the field of clean government and national governance have been specially invited to study the details of the reform of the state supervisory system. "the Reform of the State Supervision system from a Comparative Perspective", "the Reform of the State Supervision system." The supervisory system is an indispensable part of the regime building in all countries and regions. The reform of the supervisory system outside the country (territory) has both positive and favorable factors and negative and unfavorable factors. At present, it is necessary to comprehensively analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the reform of the supervisory system outside the country (territory), strengthen the independence and authority of the supervisory committee in investigating corruption cases, attach importance to and make full use of supervision measures, and continue to improve the internal reform of the organization. Urging and pushing forward Peripheral complementary reforms and bringing Private institutions into the scope of Supervision. The Reform of the State Supervision system: general Plan, Analysis, comments and suggestions "3 21" proposes a reform plan called "3 21", which advocates strengthening the independence of the national supervisory bodies, Strengthening the supervision of the JISC, promoting the systematic reform of the supervisory system, promoting professionalism and specialization, and optimizing the hierarchy of the JISC. The reform of state supervision system is actually to adjust the structure of state power. The authority of the state supervision power is sufficient to ensure the normal operation of the power, and its rule of law and standardized operation have the direct function of safeguarding the exercise of the power of the supervised personnel, the purification function of the state public office behavior, and at the same time increasing the citizens' trust in the state. It is believed that the anti-corruption work needs a team of professionals to undertake the anti-corruption work. The strong administrative color of the management system of civil servants and anti-corruption agencies in China restricts the improvement of the professional level of anti-corruption personnel, and the professionalization oriented personnel management system of the Independent Commission against Corruption in Hong Kong is worthy of reference. The professionalization and professionalization of the anti-corruption team can be realized through the establishment of a professionalized national inspector system.
【作者单位】：北京航空航天大学公共管理学院;
【基金】：北京市纪检监察学会2016年度重大研究课题项目
【分类号】：D262.6

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