建党初期毛泽东领导湖南工人运动研究（1921-1923）

发布时间：2019-06-20 15:12

【摘要】：作为一个伟大的马克思主义者和无产阶级革命家、战略家和理论家,毛泽东的历史贡献是多方面的。其中,毛泽东在建党初期领导湖南工人运动的杰出表现,在中国革命史和工人运动史上都写下了极其光辉的一页。建党初期毛泽东领导的湖南工人运动有着十分深刻的历史背景。其一,就阶级状况而言,湖南早期工人既具有强烈的反抗精神和光荣的革命传统,又存在队伍不稳定、产业工人数量少、思想和组织混杂并存的历史局限。因此,在湖南领导和开展工人运动,必须对工人的思想和组织进行多方面的教育和改造。其二,就个人条件而言,到建党前夕,毛泽东已经成长为一个信仰坚定、学识渊博、阅历丰富、比较成熟的职业革命家,具备了领导湖南工人运动所需的素质、能力和经验,并在湖南乃至全国都享有一定的社会声望。其中,特别是在湖南从事工人运动的早期活动,为建党初期毛泽东领导湖南工人运动奠定了良好的工作基础。其三,就政治背景而言,建党初期,中国共产党把领导工人运动作为中心任务,毛泽东担任了领导湖南工人运动的一暗一明的双重职务——中共湖南支部书记(1922年5月以后为中共湘区委员会书记)和中国劳动组合书记部湖南分部主任(1922年11月以后为湖南全省工团联合会总干事)。建党初期毛泽东领导湖南工人运动的主要活动,大致可以划分为以下三个阶段:第一个阶段是组织准备阶段(1921.8-1922.8)。在这一阶段,毛泽东先后派出多批党员、团员干部,深入产业和手工业工人群众之中创办所工人夜校,启发工人群众的阶级觉悟。在此基础上,建立在产业工人中建立工人俱乐部,在各行业手工业中建立工会。与此同时,还通过团结和争取黄爱、庞人铨,改组了湖南劳工会。第二个阶段是工运高潮阶段(1922.8-1923.1)。在这一阶段,毛泽东根据中共中央和中国劳动组合书记部的统一部署,开展劳动立法运动,由此拉开了湖南工人运动第一次高潮的序幕。先后发动和领导了10多次罢工斗争,掀起了湖南工人罢工的第一次高潮。其中,粤汉铁路工人大罢工、安源路矿工人大罢工、长沙泥木工人大罢工、水口山铅锌矿工人大罢工在全省乃至全国产生了重大影响,特别是安源路矿工人大罢工成为全国第一次工人运动高潮中的一面旗帜。为了适应罢工斗争日益高涨的形势,毛泽东于1922年11月主持成立了湖南全省工团联合会,实现了全省工人组织的统一。第三个阶段是继续发展阶段(1923.2-1923.4)。“二七惨案”之后,全国工人运动转入低潮。但是,在毛泽东的领导和组织下,湖南工人运动仍然继续发展。他一面领导湖南各界人民开展声援京汉铁路工人的运动,一面及时为安源工人制定了“弯弓待发”的斗争策略。接着,毛泽东又在湖南发起收回旅大运动,并派遣水口山工人、共产党员刘东轩、谢怀德回家乡衡山岳北白果乡开展农民运动,探索新的革命道路。建党初期毛泽东领导的湖南工人运动具有十分重大而深远的历史意义。第一,改变了湖南工人的状况。这主要体现在:阶级觉悟得到了普遍提高;组织状况实现了空前大联合;工人权益获得了基本保障。第二,积累了领导工人运动的经验。主要有:建立和发展党团组织,加强党对工人运动的领导;利用湖南省宪法,把秘密工作寓于公开工作之中;深入工人群众,用“接近群众的方法”开展工作;提出“哀而动人”的口号,争取社会各界的同情;讲究罢工斗争策略,确保罢工斗争取得最终胜利。第三,推动了中国革命的进程。一是培养了一批领袖人物和大量革命骨干;二是播下了革命的火种;三是为毛泽东探索中国特色的革命道路提供了重要的实践基础。
[Abstract]:As a great Marxist and the proletarian revolutionaries, strategists and theorists, Mao Zedong's historical contribution is manifold. Among them, Mao Zedong led the outstanding performance of Hunan worker's movement in the early stage of the founding of the Party, and wrote an extremely glorious page in the history of Chinese revolution and the history of the labor movement. The Hunan Workers' Movement, which was led by Mao Zedong in the early period of the founding of the Party, has a very deep historical background. First, in the case of class, the early workers in Hunan have both the strong resistance spirit and the glorious revolutionary tradition, but also the historical limitation that the team is not stable, the number of industrial workers is small, the thought and the organization are mixed with each other. Therefore, in the leadership and movement of the workers in Hunan, many aspects of education and transformation must be carried out on the workers' thought and organization. Second, on the eve of the party's condition, on the eve of the founding of the Party, Mao Zedong has grown into a strong, well-informed and rich and mature professional revolutionary, and has the quality, capability and experience required to lead the movement of Hunan workers. And has a certain social prestige in Hunan and even the whole country. Among them, in particular, the early activities of the workers in Hunan laid a good foundation for Mao Zedong to lead the movement of Hunan workers in the early stage of the Party's construction. Third, as far as the political background is concerned, the Communist Party of China (CPC), as a central task in the early period of the Party building, Mao Zedong held a double position to lead the movement of Hunan workers. The Secretary of Hunan Branch of the Communist Party of China (May,1922, the Secretary of the Hunan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China) and the Director of Hunan Branch of the Ministry of Labor of China (after November,1922, the Director-General of Hunan Provincial Federation of Industry and Technology). The main activity of Mao Zedong's leadership in Hunan Workers' Movement in the early period of the Party building is divided into the following three stages: the first stage is the preparation stage of the organization (1921.8-1922.8). During this stage, Mao Zedong sent a number of party members, members of the League members, in-depth industrial and handicraft workers to set up the night school of the workers, and inspired the class consciousness of the workers. On the basis of this, the establishment of a worker's club in industrial workers and the establishment of trade unions in the various trades and crafts. At the same time, the Hunan Labor Association was reorganized through solidarity and the struggle for Huang-ai and Ponzi. The second stage is the high-tide stage of the work and transportation (1922.8-1923.1). In this stage, Mao Zedong carried out the labor legislation movement according to the unified deployment of the CPC Central Committee and the Secretary of the Chinese Labor Union, thus opening the prelude to the first high tide of the Hunan worker movement. The first high tide of the strike of the workers in Hunan was launched and led by more than 10 strikes. Among them, the large strike of the Chinese railway workers, the strike of the People's Congress of the Anyuan Road, the strike of the Changsha-mud woodworker's National People's Congress, the strike of the large-scale strike of the water-mouth and lead-zinc workers in the whole province and even the whole country have had a major impact, In particular, that strike of the people's congress of the Anyuan road has become a flag in the first high-tide of the nation's first-time labor movement. In order to adapt to the rising situation of the strike, Mao Zedong, in November 1922, presided over the establishment of the Hunan Provincial Federation of Workers and Workers, and realized the unity of the workers' organization in the whole province. The third stage was the continuation of the development phase (1923.2-1923.4). After the "the two-seventh tragedy", the national labour movement was transferred to a low tide. However, under the leadership and organization of Mao Zedong, the Hunan Workers' Movement has continued to develop. On the one hand, he led the people of all walks of life in Hunan to carry out the campaign of solidarity with the workers of the Beijing-Han railway, and made the "bow" 's struggle strategy for the safety workers in time. On the other hand, Mao Zedong launched a large-scale movement in Hunan, and sent water-port mountain workers, Communist Party members Liu Dongxuan, and Xie Weide to go home to the village of Hengshan, in Hengshan, to carry out the peasant movement and explore the new revolutionary road. The Hunan Workers' Movement, which was led by Mao Zedong in the early period of the founding of the Party, has a great and far-reaching historical significance. First, the situation of the workers in Hunan is changed. This is mainly reflected in the general improvement of class consciousness, the unprecedented combination of the organizational situation and the basic guarantee of the workers' rights and interests. Secondly, the experience of leading the workers' movement is accumulated. It mainly includes: the establishment and development of the party organization, the strengthening of the party's leadership on the movement of the workers; the use of the constitution of Hunan Province to put the secret work in the public work; to go into the work of the masses of the workers and to use the methods of approaching the masses; to put forward the slogan of "mourning and touching", and to strive for sympathy from all walks of life; The strike-fighting strategy to ensure a final victory in the fight against the strike. Third, the process of the Chinese revolution is promoted. The first is to train a group of leaders and a large number of revolutionary backbones; the second is to sow the fire of the revolution; and the third is to provide an important practical basis for Mao Zedong to explore the revolutionary road with Chinese characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D231

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