司法鉴定机构权利保障制度研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 06:18

本文关键词：司法鉴定机构权利保障制度研究　出处：《西南政法大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：司法鉴定制度作为我国司法制度的重要组成部分，，与诉讼制度、证据制度相互交融。随着司法理念的转变、诉讼结构的调整以及法治的进步，其已由传统的鉴定“权力”转为鉴定“服务”，并成为一项重要的司法“保障”制度，体现了现代法治对当事人诉讼权利的尊重。而司法鉴定机构作为司法鉴定制度中的实施制度、管理制度及适用制度的重要主体角色游走于静态管理与动态执业两大场域，发挥着化解社会矛盾、保障当事人诉权的关键作用。但在历经四次变革后，仍旧处于实施程序混乱、管理主体混乱、执业范围混乱的局面。其根本原因在于：四次变革围绕的中心均为公、检、法、司四大机关的权力分配，而非司法鉴定机构权利的保障。司法鉴定机构在司法实践中面临种种难题，使其自身难以健康、协调、可持续发展，更加难以承担其应有的服务与保障重任。为实现司法鉴定机构自身的生存发展与提供优质鉴定服务的双赢目的，有必要对司法鉴定机构的权利予以足够重视与充分保障。本文选题正是基于此而得，以期通过相应对策对司法鉴定机构在实践中存在的突出问题予以解决，从而达到保障其权利的目的。本文共分3个部分：第一章作为司法鉴定机构的概述，首先对司法鉴定机构在司法鉴定制度的实施制度、管理制度以及适用制度中进行角色定位，为全文的论述奠定角色框架基础。然后对我国司法鉴定机构在历经四次改革之后的现状予以梳理，阐述了鉴定机构的实施现状、管理现状和执业现状。最后在对市场经济体制下的两大鉴定机构主体——职权鉴定机构和社会鉴定机构进行扼要介绍的基础上，着重论述我国司法鉴定机构权利保障的状况及司法实践中存在的设立难、运营难（实施难、管理难、执业难）、发展难等一系列突出问题。本文的第二章“司法鉴定机构权利保障的理论基础”中，第一节引用若干典型案例对司法鉴定机构的四大基本性质进行实证分析，继而对四大鉴定机构的各自权利特点进行理论分析。第二节展开阐述了司法鉴定机构五项权利的具体内容。第三节从司法鉴定机构在鉴定实施制度、管理制度、适用制度中的三种角色定位出发，综合分析司法鉴定机构权利保障的重要价值。本文的末章“司法鉴定机构权利保障的对策”中，通过行政管理对策解决协调发展、鉴定费用等管理问题；通过司法对策解决安全保障和“二次准入”等执业问题；通过立法对策解决鉴定机构设立以及鉴定机构之诉等设立、实施问题。最后就我国司法鉴定机构的发展权利保障提出关于发展体制、发展模式等若干完善建议。
[Abstract]:The system of judicial identification as an important part of the judicial system in China, and the litigation system, evidence system integration. With the transformation of judicial idea, litigation structure adjustment and the progress of the rule of law, which has been identified by the "power" to the traditional identification of "service", and became an important judicial guarantee the system embodies the modern rule of law, respect for the rights of parties to litigation. But the judicial authentication institutions as the implementation of the system of judicial identification system in the main body of management system and application system of the role of wandering in the static and dynamic management practice of two major fields, plays a key role in resolving social conflicts, safeguard the litigant right. But after four times after the reform, still in the implementation of the program management of the main confusion, confusion, scope of practice of chaos. The reason is that the four revolution around the center for public inspection, law, division four The distribution of power organs, rather than the judicial authentication institutions and rights protection. The judicial authentication institutions facing difficulties in the judicial practice, it is difficult to make their own health, coordination, sustainable development, more difficult to bear the service and guarantee proper responsibility. Construct their own survival and development and provide quality services in order to achieve the purpose of identification of judicial win-win identification of machine, it is necessary for the judicial authentication institutions the right to pay enough attention to and fully guarantee. This paper is derived based on this, the corresponding countermeasures to solve the problems existing in the practice of judicial authentication institutions, so as to achieve the purpose of safeguarding their rights.
This article is divided into 3 parts:
The first chapter is the judicial authentication institutions, first of all to the implementation of the system of judicial authentication institutions in the judicial system and the role of management system and the application system, lay the foundation for the role of the framework of the full text of the paper. Then the judicial appraisal institutions in China to sort out after the situation after the four reform, describes the status of implementation of identification organization, management status and practice status. Finally, based on the brief introduction of the market economic system under the authority appraisal institutions and social identification of body two identification mechanism, status and judicial practice of this paper focus on the judicial authentication institutions in China to protect the rights of the existing establishment difficult, difficult to implement, difficult operation (management is difficult, difficult, difficult to practice) the development of a series of outstanding issues.
In the second chapter the theoretical basis of the judicial authentication institutions to protect the rights of the first section cited several typical cases of judicial authentication institutions of the four basic properties of empirical analysis, theoretical analysis and the four appraisal institutions of the respective rights. Section second discusses the specific content of the judicial authentication institutions five rights. The third section from the judicial authentication institutions in the implementation of the system of identification, management system, three roles in the application system of the important value of comprehensive analysis of the judicial authentication institutions to protect the rights.
At the end of this chapter of "judicial authentication institutions rights protection countermeasures", through administrative measures to solve the coordinated development, identification of cost management problems; solve the security and the "two entry" practice problems through judicial countermeasures; through legislative countermeasures to solve the identification of institutions to set up institutions such as the establishment and identification of litigation, implementation issues. Finally on the protection of right to development of judicial authentication institutions in China put forward a development system, development mode and some suggestions.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D918.9

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