关于交通警察行政处罚裁决权和执行权相分离的探讨

发布时间：2018-01-15 23:17

本文关键词：关于交通警察行政处罚裁决权和执行权相分离的探讨　出处：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：行政处罚作为保证国家各项行政管理措施有效运行的一个重要手段,随着行政机关的权力触角不断深入社会生活的各个角落,已经成为与普通老百姓日常生活接触最为广泛的一种行政行为。行政处罚是指一个国家法律法规规定的国家行政机关或被授权的组织等行政主体,对于违反行政法律法规的自然人、法人以及其他社会组织等行政相对人予以制裁的一种制度和体系,是行政机关的一种具体行政行为,是由调查取证、审核案情、听取申辩、作出裁决、交付执行等环节和步骤构成的一个综合行为和制裁体系。因而,从行政处罚行为运行的整个过程来看,现代法治社会的行政处罚在性质上已经具有了一定的准司法形式,行政处罚裁决权与执行权的分离从理论和实践上具有了一定的可行性。道路交通违法行为作为实际生活中最为常见的一种违法行为,根据《中华人民共和国道路交通安全法》的规定,统一由公安机关交通管理部门负责实施监督、管理和处罚。道路交通安全涉及群体广泛,每一个人都是交通参与者,由于现实中的种种原因,道路交通违法行为比较突出,导致道路交通违法行为在所有行政机关的行政处罚数量上占了相当大的比例,且根据《中华人民共和国道路交通安全法》的有关规定,道路交通违法行为的处罚种类主要表现为罚款。因而,社会各界对公安机关交通管理部门的行政执法行为高度关注,交通警察的交通执法往往成为社会热点,社会各界对交通执法,特别是罚款收缴后的流向产生很大质疑,要求罚缴分离、行政处罚裁决权和执行权分离的呼声较高。由于大多数人并不了解道路交通违法行为与其他行政违法行为的差异,不知道交通执法不同于其他行政执法行为的特点,往往对交通警察的执法产生偏见与误解。针对现实中的这一现象,本文将从交通警察的交通执法,这一日常中最常见的行政执法行为入手,从行政处罚裁决权和执行权的内涵、性质和关系,行政处罚裁决权和执行权分离的法理依据、与政府职能转变的关系,行政处罚裁决权和执行权分离的基本范畴、基本范围、制度设计、分离后的权力运行机制以及分离的限制等方面,结合我国公安机关交通管理部门的道路交通执法行为,通过分析道路交通违法行为的行政处罚规则、行政处罚的实施,深入阐述当前国情下,道路交通违法行为实行行政处罚裁决权和执行权有限分离的必然性和可行性。从而力图从理论与实践的角度,对我国行政处罚制度的完善和改革路径提供一定的借鉴意义和参考价值。
[Abstract]:Administrative punishment as an important means to ensure the effective operation of various administrative measures of the country, along with the power of the administrative organs continue to penetrate into the various corners of social life. Has become the most extensive contact with ordinary people's daily life of an administrative act. Administrative punishment refers to the administrative subject of a state administrative organ or authorized organization which is stipulated by a national law and regulation, for a natural person who violates administrative laws and regulations. A system and system of sanctions imposed by legal persons and other administrative counterparts such as social organizations is a specific administrative act of an administrative organ. It is a system of investigation and evidence collection, examination of the case, hearing of a plea, and making a ruling. Delivery of the implementation of such links and steps constitute a comprehensive behavior and sanctions system. Therefore, from the operation of the whole process of administrative punishment. The nature of administrative punishment in modern society ruled by law has a certain quasi-judicial form, and the separation of administrative punishment power and executive power has certain feasibility in theory and practice. As one of the most common illegal acts in real life, road traffic violations are under the supervision of the traffic management department of the public security organs according to the regulations of the Road Traffic Safety Law of the people's Republic of China. Management and punishment. Road traffic safety involves a wide range of groups, everyone is a traffic participant, because of the reality of a variety of reasons, road traffic violations are more prominent. As a result, illegal road traffic acts account for a large proportion of the administrative penalties imposed by all administrative organs, and in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Road Traffic Safety Law of the people's Republic of China. The types of punishment for road traffic violations are mainly shown as fines. As a result, people from all walks of life pay close attention to the administrative law enforcement actions of traffic management departments of public security organs, and traffic law enforcement by traffic police often becomes a social hot spot. All walks of life have great doubts about the traffic law enforcement, especially the flow of fines after collection, and demand the separation of fines. Because most people do not understand the road traffic illegal behavior and other administrative illegal behavior difference. Do not know that traffic law enforcement is different from other administrative law enforcement behavior characteristics, often to the traffic police law enforcement bias and misunderstanding. In view of this phenomenon in reality, this article will be from the traffic police traffic law enforcement. The most common administrative law enforcement action in the daily starting from the administrative punishment adjudication power and executive power connotation nature and relationship the separation of administrative punishment adjudication power and executive power of the legal basis and the relationship between the transformation of government functions. The basic category, the basic scope, the system design, the power operation mechanism after separation and the restriction of separation of administrative punishment power and executive power. Combined with the road traffic law enforcement behavior of the traffic management department of the public security organ of our country, through the analysis of the administrative punishment rules of the road traffic illegal behavior and the implementation of the administrative punishment, this paper expounds the current situation in depth. The inevitability and feasibility of the limited separation of administrative punishment and executive power for the illegal acts of road traffic try hard from the angle of theory and practice. It provides some reference meaning and reference value for perfecting and reforming the administrative punishment system in our country.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.14;D631.5

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