论秘密侦查制度的法治化建构

发布时间：2018-02-06 06:08

本文关键词： 秘密侦查法治化建构控制犯罪保障人权　出处：《山东大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 随着社会的发展,犯罪已成为现代社会的一颗毒瘤,并且其职业化、组织化、智能化、隐蔽化、暴力化、国际化程度日益加剧,给我们以公开侦查为主的传统侦查模式带来严峻的挑战。为此,世界各国纷纷运用秘密侦查手段来打击和惩治犯罪,以实现控制犯罪的目的,秘密侦查在预防犯罪、控制犯罪中发挥了巨大的作用。但是,秘密侦查是一柄"双刃剑",一方面它能快捷高效地收集证据,惩治犯罪;另一方面它又极易被滥用从而侵犯公民的合法权益。追求控制犯罪、保障人权和实现诉讼效率等多元化的平衡是现代诉讼的价值目标。在兼顾多元化价值目标的基础上,通过法律程序来限制国家司法权力、保障人权,已成为现代法治国家的共识。加强秘密侦查的法律规制是我们依法治国,构建和谐社会的必然选择。基于此,笔者研究了秘密侦查的基本理论、历史沿革和价值功能,客观分析了我国秘密侦查立法和司法方面的现状和缺失,揭示秘密侦查和人权保障的冲突,在比较法治国家秘密侦查的立法和司法实践的基础上,结合我国的实际情况,提出了秘密侦查法治化的建构设想,希望对我国秘密侦查的立法和司法实践方面有所裨益。本文共分五大部分。第一部分秘密侦查概述。首先界定了秘密侦查的概念,介绍了秘密侦查的特征,即隐蔽性、侵权性、强制性、直接性、主动性、程序性、从属性。然后对秘密侦查种类进行重新划分,即秘密外线侦查、秘密内线侦查和技术侦查三类。最后,阐述了秘密侦查的功能,即预防和制止犯罪、扩大证据来源、查明特殊犯罪等功能。第二部分秘密侦查溯源。首先按照时间顺序简要考察了中国历朝出现的秘密侦查活动,然后考察了国外秘密侦查的历史,最后,分析总结了中西秘密侦查历史变迁的现代启示。第三部分秘密侦查法治化的国际考察。分别对英美法系国家、大陆法系国家秘密侦查的法治化进行比较研究,然后归纳总结出西方法治国家秘密侦查的原则,即法定原则、比例原则、特定性原则、司法审查原则、司法救济原则。第四部分我国秘密侦查立法的现状与适用实践。对我国秘密侦查的立法现状进行归纳总结,按照两大法系法治国家秘密侦查的原则,客观的找出了我国秘密侦查存在的立法缺陷和司法实践中存在的问题。第五部分我国秘密侦查的法治建构。秘密侦查法治化是社会发展的必然趋势,是时代发展的产物,分析了我国实现秘密侦查的法治化的必要性和可行性,提出了法治化进程中必须注意的几个问题。最后,基于我国的基本国情,结合国际发展的潮流,论文主要从秘密侦查的主体、适用范围、适用条件、实施程序、侦查期限、证据能力、协助机关或公民的权利和义务、年度报告制度等八个方面具体论述了我国秘密侦查制度的法治化建构问题。
[Abstract]:With the development of society, crime has become a cancer in modern society, and its professionalism, organization, intelligence, covert, violence, and the degree of internationalization is increasingly intensified. It brings us a severe challenge to the traditional investigation mode, which is based on open investigation. For this reason, countries around the world use secret investigative techniques to crack down and punish crime, in order to achieve the purpose of crime control. Secret investigation plays a great role in crime prevention and crime control. However, secret investigation is a "double-edged sword". On the one hand, it can collect evidence quickly and efficiently and punish crime. On the other hand, it is easy to be abused so as to violate the legitimate rights and interests of citizens. Protection of human rights and the realization of the pluralistic balance of litigation efficiency is the value goal of modern litigation. On the basis of taking into account the pluralistic value goal, the judicial power of the state is restricted through legal procedures to protect human rights. It has become the consensus of the modern country ruled by law. Strengthening the legal regulation of secret investigation is the inevitable choice for us to govern the country according to law and build a harmonious society. Based on this, the author studies the basic theory of secret investigation. Historical evolution and value function, objective analysis of our country secret investigation legislation and judicial aspects of the status quo and deficiencies, reveal the secret investigation and human rights protection conflict. On the basis of comparing the legislation and judicial practice of secret investigation in a country ruled by law, combined with the actual situation of our country, this paper puts forward a constructive assumption of the rule of law of secret investigation. It is hoped that it will be beneficial to the legislative and judicial practice of secret investigation in our country. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part is an overview of secret investigation. Firstly, it defines the concept of secret investigation and introduces the characteristics of secret investigation, that is, concealment, tort, compulsion, directness, initiative and procedure. Then the types of secret investigation are reclassified, namely secret outside line investigation, secret inside line investigation and technical investigation. Finally, the function of secret investigation is expounded, that is, to prevent and suppress crime. Expand the sources of evidence, identify special crimes and other functions. The second part is the tracing of secret investigation. Firstly, the author briefly examines the secret investigation activities in Chinese history, and then the history of foreign secret investigation. Finally, the author studies the history of secret investigation in China. This paper analyzes and summarizes the modern enlightenment of the historical changes of secret investigation between China and the West. The third part is the international investigation on the rule of law of secret investigation. It makes a comparative study on the rule of law in the countries of Anglo-American law system and civil law system respectively, and then sums up the principles of secret investigation in western countries ruled by law. Legal principle, principle of proportion, principle of specificity, principle of judicial review, principle of judicial remedy. 4th part of our country secret investigation legislation present situation and the application practice. To our country secret investigation legislation present situation carries on the summary, according to the two legal system country secret investigation principle. Objective to find out the legislative defects of secret investigation and the problems in judicial practice. 5th part of our country secret investigation rule of law construction, secret investigation rule of law is the inevitable trend of social development, is the product of the development of the times, analyzed the necessity and feasibility of our country to achieve secret investigation by law. Finally, based on the basic conditions of our country, combined with the trend of international development, the paper mainly from the subject of secret investigation, the scope of application, applicable conditions, implementation procedures. This paper discusses concretely the construction of the system of secret investigation in our country from eight aspects, such as the period of investigation, the ability of evidence, the rights and obligations of assisting organs or citizens, and the system of annual report.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D918

【引证文献】