1949年后的中国户籍制度变迁研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 02:28

本文选题：户籍制度　切入点：制度变迁　出处：《华南师范大学》2003年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 1949年后的中国户籍制度作为一种社会经济制度，是与高度集中统一的计划经济体制相吻合的辅助性的重要制度。从经济学角度讲，所有的制度安排与制度调整都可以解释为起源于利益的冲突，以及人们要把利益冲突改变为利益协调、权责对称的努力。户籍制度正是一项重要的利益和权力安排。由于它既欠公平又缺效率，所以，几十年来特别是改革开放后，户籍制度发生了很大程度的变迁，并且逐渐与国际上的人口登记和管理制度接轨，，朝着恢复人口统计和管理的原始功能方向发展。国内对户籍制度的研究始于八十年代，已引起学术界的广泛关注。本文以理性“经济人”作为理论假设，运用制度变迁的有关理论，采用理论研究和实证分析相结合、静态分析与动态分析相结合的分析方法、成本-收益分析法及博弈论，以1949年后的户籍制度法规条例和政策案例及其相关理论研究为研究基础，以1949年后的中国户籍制度作为研究对象，描述了中国当代户籍制度的核心特征——等级性、地域性和身份世袭性。另外，也描述了户籍制度形成、完备和弱化的整个变迁过程特征：强制性变迁为主但逐渐弱化，诱致性变迁为辅但逐渐强化；总体上具渐进性：局部上具违宪性、政策性、阶段性和地方性；与经济发展密切相关。本文重点分析了中国户籍制度变迁的主客观机制。从宏观层面上说，传统文化与制度安排、国内外经济政治社会因素是影响户籍制度变迁的客观基础，他们在不同时期不同条件的单独变化和相互作用影响着户籍制度变迁的路径、方向和速度，而具有不同路径、方向和速度的户籍制度变迁反过来也影响着文化与其它制度安排、国内外政治经济的变迁。从微观层面上说，政府、企业、城乡居民等经济主体在特定的约束条件下，针对自身在户籍制度变迁中的成本-收益预期，依据“自我效用最大化”的目标函数，估计相互间力量对比做出“理性”选择的过程，即各经济主体在长期互动博弈中追求均衡——利益协调、权责对称的过程中，推动了户籍制度的变迁。总而言之，是主客观因素的互动决定了中国户籍制度变迁的路径、方向和速度；同时也揭示了户籍制度发生较大变迁的根源和变迁困难所在——变迁步履缓慢，至今仍保持其传统核心特征的原因所在。基于以上分析，为了解决户籍制度变迁中存在的问题，本文提出了相关对策：坚持良法治国，遵守宪法“普适性”，让法理念融入民情；让市场调节流动和迁徙，使流动和迁徙决策权归属公民；成立人口管理委员会事务性机构，让户籍管理与公安部门脱钩；坚持城乡、地区经济协调发展，使户籍制度变迁走向均衡；取消城镇教育特权，在农村发展职业技能教育和真正普及义务教育；推动租房产业发展；完善《工会法》，促进各行业工会和企业内部工会的成长壮大。
[Abstract]:China household registration system after 1949 as a kind of social economic system, is an important auxiliary system is consistent with the highly centralized planned economy system. From the perspective of economics, institutional arrangement and adjustment of all originate from conflict of interests, and people to the conflict of interests coordination and the household registration system responsibilities symmetrical efforts. It is an important arrangement of interests and powers. Because it is unfair and lack of efficiency, so for decades, especially after the reform and opening up, changed greatly in the household registration system, and gradually integrate with the population registration and management system in the world, towards the original recovery of population statistics and management function of the direction of development. The domestic research on the household registration system began in 80s, has aroused widespread concern in academic circles.
In this paper, the rational "economic man" as the theoretical hypothesis, using the theory of institutional change, the combination of theory study and empirical analysis, analysis method of static analysis and dynamic analysis of the combination, the method of cost-benefit analysis and game theory, to research the household registration system after the 1949 law rules and policy cases and related theories as the case based on the household registration system to Chinese after 1949 as the research object, describes the core features of China contemporary household registration system - level, regional identity and hereditary. In addition, it describes the characteristics of the household registration system, complete change process and weaken: mandatory changes but gradually weakened, but the inductive change gradually strengthened; on the whole with progressive local with unconstitutional, policy, stage and local; closely related to economic development.
This paper focuses on the analysis of China system change of subjective and objective mechanism. From the macro level, traditional culture and institutional arrangement, domestic and international economic and political factors affect the objective basis of the development of household registration system, they separate in different periods and different conditions of the interaction affect the path of the change of household registration system, direction and velocity. Which has a different path, change the direction and speed of the household registration system, which in turn influences culture and other institutional arrangements, changes in domestic and international political economy. From the micro level, the government, enterprises, urban and rural residents and other economic entities in special circumstances, according to their own in the household registration system change in the cost - income expected on the basis of the "self utility maximization" objective function, estimation of mutual forces make "rational" choice, namely various economic entities in the long-term interactive game in the chase The change of the household registration system has been promoted in the process of balance of balance, coordination of interests and symmetry of power and responsibility.
In short, the path is the interaction between objective and subjective factors determine Chinese system change, speed and direction; but also reveals the origin and changes of the household registration system difficult big change is change slowly, why still maintain its traditional core characteristics.
Based on the above analysis, in order to solve the existing problems in the development of household registration system, this paper puts forward some relevant countermeasures: adhere to the law, abide by the constitution of "universal", let the traditional features; let the market regulate flow and migration, the mobility and migration decision right of citizens; the establishment of population management committee affairs organization, so that the household registration management and public security departments decoupling; adhere to the urban and rural areas, coordinated development of regional economy, the change of household registration system to cancel the balance; the urban education privilege in the development of rural education and occupation skills to popularize education; promote the housing industry development; improve the "labor law", to promote the industry and trade union of enterprise trade unions to grow.

【学位授予单位】：华南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：D631.42

【引证文献】