刑事被害人权利保护研究

发布时间：2018-03-12 12:15

本文选题：刑事被害人　切入点：权利保护　出处：《安徽大学》2006年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 随着刑事诉讼制度的发展和人权保障理念的深化，凸显法律对个人尊严和人权的保护，是当今世界的发展潮流。被害人与被告人作为刑事诉讼最主要的两方当事人，相对于公权力而言，在刑事诉讼中均处于弱者地位，偏废其中任何一方，都会使刑事诉讼的架构失去平衡，人权保障的目的无法实现。但实际上要将被害人的权利从规定转变为现实，仍有漫长的过程，这其中既有基础理论的欠缺，更有制度方面的原因乃至具体操作的问题。刑事被害人权利保护的价值，首先是现代人权理论在刑事诉讼领域的必然要求，其次是刑事诉讼制度发展的价值取向和目标追求。由于我国加入了世贸组织，签署了《公民权利与政治权利公约》等一系列国际公约，国际司法文件中有关被害人权利保护的规定和标准，国外被害人权利保护的发展趋势，国际刑事法律领域的法律制度与价值观念不可避免地会对我国产生深远的影响。从与外国的相关法律制度进行比较、参照入手，对我国刑事法律中关于被害人权利保护的相关规定进行梳理与分析，查找不足，发现差距，对刑事立法和司法实践中存在的问题及其深层的原因进行全方位、多层次的反思与分析，，并结合我国具体国情与实践，设计出我国刑事被害人权利保护的制度构想：即进一步健全法律法规，在刑事立法层面完善对被害人实体性权利、程序性权利的双重保护，提高全民的法律知识水平，在全社会兴起强化保障被害人权利的意识，提高全民法律水平的宏观保护途径，同时扩大对被害人民事权益的保护范围，对于刑事附带民事诉讼，可以判处精神赔偿。保障被害人追诉权的实现，有条件地赋予被害人上诉权，完善被害人委托代理制度，纠正刑事附带民事诉讼制度在实旌中出现的问题，增设刑事被害人法律援助制度、国家补偿制度、社会救援等制度。充分保障刑事被害人的各种诉讼权利得以顺利实现，对于实现被害人与被告人双方诉讼地位和诉讼权利的相对平衡，协调被害人、被告人、司法机关之间的关系，以及消除犯罪隐患、化解社会矛盾、构建和谐社会有着极其重要的意义。同时，力图促进刑事法理念从国家主义向人本主义转变，维护司法的正义和秩序的平稳，推动法制发展与人权保障向着更高层次迈进。
[Abstract]:With the development of criminal procedure system and the deepening of the concept of human rights protection, it is the development trend of the world to highlight the protection of individual dignity and human rights by law. Relative to public power, they are in a weak position in criminal proceedings. If one of them is biased, the structure of criminal proceedings will be out of balance. However, there is still a long process to change the rights of victims from stipulation to reality. There is not only the deficiency of basic theory, but also the reason of system and even the problem of concrete operation. The value of the protection of the rights of criminal victims is, first, the inevitable requirement of modern human rights theory in the field of criminal procedure, and secondly, the value orientation and goal pursuit of the development of criminal procedure system. Having signed a series of international conventions, such as the International Covenant on Civil and political Rights, and the provisions and standards for the protection of the rights of victims in international judicial documents, and the development trend of the protection of the rights of victims abroad, The legal system and values in the field of international criminal law will inevitably have a profound impact on our country. Combing and analyzing the relevant provisions about the protection of victims' rights in our country's criminal law, finding out the deficiency, finding the gap, and carrying on the omni-directional analysis to the problems existing in the criminal legislation and judicial practice and their deep reasons. Considering the specific situation and practice of our country, this paper designs the system conception of protecting the rights of criminal victims, that is, perfecting the laws and regulations, perfecting the substantive rights of the victims in the criminal legislation level. The dual protection of procedural rights improves the level of legal knowledge of the whole people, strengthens the consciousness of protecting the rights of the victims in the whole society, raises the macroscopic ways of protecting the legal level of the whole people, and at the same time expands the scope of the protection of the civil rights and interests of the victims. For the criminal incidental civil action, we may sentence spiritual compensation, guarantee the realization of the victim's right of recourse, grant the victim the right of appeal conditionally, and perfect the system of entrusting the victim to act as his agent. To correct the problems in the system of criminal incidental civil proceedings, to establish a system of legal aid for criminal victims, a system of state compensation, and a system of social relief, etc., to ensure the smooth realization of all kinds of procedural rights of criminal victims. It is very important to realize the relative balance of litigation status and litigation right between the victim and the defendant, to coordinate the relationship among the victim, the defendant and the judicial organ, to eliminate the hidden trouble of crime, to resolve the social contradiction, and to build a harmonious society. At the same time, it tries to promote the transformation of criminal law concept from nationalism to humanism, to maintain the justice and order of justice, and to promote the development of legal system and the guarantee of human rights to a higher level.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D925.2

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