书写习惯类型多样性研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 09:20

  本文选题：笔迹鉴定　切入点：书写习惯　出处：《西南政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：传统的笔迹学理论揭示出人的书写动作习惯具有特殊性、稳定性和反映性,对书写人的同一认定,是通过对个体书写习惯“总和”的比较进行的。然而,实践和研究表明,个体的书写动作习惯可能存在多个类型,通过少量的鉴定字迹来识别个体的全部书写习惯的“总和”缺乏逻辑依据,书写人同一认定需要对具体书写动作系统所反映出的书写动作习惯类型加以判断和区分。 书写动作习惯的类型,是指书写人练习不同的书体、字体等字迹书写技能而形成的相对独立的且有明显不同的书写动作习惯表现形式。汉字的书写体系和书写规则具有较大的宽容性和多样性,书写人出于审美喜好,往往练就特性差异较大的多种书写技能,不同技能的书写动作系统承载着不同的书写动作习惯类型。一个人可以同时拥有多种不同类型的书写动作习惯,且只要给予适当的“加固练习”以避免习惯的退化,不同类型的书写动作习惯可以长时间持续共存,具有相对的稳定性。 书写动作习惯类型的多样性可以分为相对独立的书写习惯类型多样性和同一书写习惯类型下书写习惯局部方面的类型多样性。不同书写习惯类型的字迹之间是既存在差异又存在共性的关系:两者在字迹的运笔、笔顺、结构等笔迹特征方面可能存在较大差异,因而相互之间可比性可能较差;但相比于不同个体间的书写习惯本质性差异,同一人的多种书写习惯类型间又存在一定的共性,相互联系。不同的书写习惯类型之间的差异程度有所不同,相互间的可比性亦有所差别。 通过检材字迹自身变化规律的寻找,或检材字迹与样本字迹的相互比较印证,可以判定笔迹特征差异点是否来自同一人书写动作习惯类型的多样性,并与伪装、摹仿、反映性变化导致的特征差异相区别。应注意具体的习惯类型样式所引起的笔迹特征差异在特征种类上有所侧重,具体案件具体分析。其中,签名字迹因字数少、书写频率高、样式多变而成为书写动作习惯类型多样化程度最高的单字集合,因而对签名笔迹特征差异点的评断应特别注意判断是否存在书写动作习惯类型多样性。 为了使书写动作习惯类型的判断和笔迹特征差异点的评断有根有据,要求笔迹鉴定样本字迹在“书写时间、字迹结构样式、书写速度、书写工具、书写环境和姿势”等方面与检材字迹相同或近似。并且在鉴定的工程中应充分考虑到书写习惯类型多样性的可能,对多样性的确认和排除依据做出充分的说明,才能科学合理、令人信服的得出鉴定意见。
[Abstract]:The traditional theory of handwriting reveals that one's writing habits are of particularity, stability and reflection. The identification of the same person is carried out through the comparison of the "summation" of individual writing habits. However, practice and research show that, There may be multiple types of individual writing habits, and there is no logical basis for identifying the totality of individual writing habits by a small amount of handwriting identification. It is necessary to judge and distinguish the types of writing habits reflected by the specific writing action system. The type of writing action habit refers to the writer practicing different types of writing. The writing system and rules of Chinese characters are relatively tolerant and diverse, and the writers are interested in aesthetics, because of the relatively independent and distinct forms of writing habits formed by writing skills such as typeface, font and other handwriting skills, and the writing system and rules of Chinese characters are more tolerant and diverse. The writing action system of different skills carries different types of writing habits. A person can have many different types of writing habits at the same time. As long as appropriate "reinforcement exercises" are given to avoid the deterioration of habits, different writing habits can coexist continuously for a long time and have relative stability. The diversity of the types of writing habits can be divided into relatively independent types of writing habits and the diversity of local aspects of writing habits under the same type of writing habits. There is both a difference and a common relationship: the two move the pen in the handwriting, There may be great differences in handwriting characteristics, such as stroke sequence and structure, so the comparability between them may be poor, but compared with the essential differences of writing habits among different individuals, there are some commonalities among the different types of writing habits of the same person. Different types of writing habits are different in degree and comparability. By searching for the changing rules of the handwriting itself, or by comparing the handwriting with the sample handwriting, we can determine whether the differences in handwriting characteristics come from the diversity of the types of writing habits of the same person, and mimic and mimic the writing habits of the same person. It is necessary to pay attention to the differences in handwriting characteristics caused by specific habit types, and to analyze the specific cases. Among them, the number of signatures is small, and the writing frequency is high. Because of the variety of styles and the highest degree of diversity in the types of writing action habits, the judgement of the differences in signature handwriting features should pay special attention to judge whether there is a diversity of writing action habits. In order to judge the type of writing action habit and judge the difference point of handwriting characteristics, the handwriting identification sample handwriting is required to be "writing time, handwriting structure style, writing speed, writing tools," The writing environment and posture "are the same or similar to the handwriting of the material, and the possibility of diversity of writing habits should be fully taken into account in the appraisal project, and the confirmation and exclusion basis of the diversity can be scientifically and reasonably explained." A convincing appraisal.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D918.92

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本文编号：1670934