额窦数字X线影像法医学同一认定的研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 13:07

  本文选题：法医放射学　切入点：同一认定　出处：《四川大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 【研究背景及目的】应用放射影像资料进行同一认定是法医放射学重要的研究课题之一，因人类额窦独特多样的形态特征使其成为颅面中最常应用的识别标志。采用人类额窦放射影像学资料对个体进行个人识别在法医学中应用越来越广泛，这是基于单个人体的额窦具有高度个人特异、终生不变、难于伪造、易于观察与测量等特征，，可以用于法医学同一认定。然而，从证据学角度考察，额窦同一认定的方法与指标还有待客观化、标准化。本研究旨在于进一步探究额窦的数字X线影像学分型和同一认定的指标及数字编码。 【方法】(1)按照纳入与排除标准收集额窦CR片(2)在额窦CR片上作出与两侧眼眶上缘均相切的直线，(3)并观察此直线与额窦的位置关系，对额窦形态学特征进行分型研究(4)同时筛选出额窦不对称性、左侧额窦面积与左侧眼眶面积比、右侧额窦面积与右侧眼眶面积比、较大额窦面积侧别、左侧额窦上缘弓形弯曲数、右侧额窦上缘弓形弯曲数、额窦部分分隔位置、额窦中间隔位置8项指标进行描述性统计分析和数字编码研究。 【结果】(1)提出额窦数字X线影像学特征六类分型：Ⅰ标准型、Ⅱ单侧缺失型、Ⅲ单侧发育不全型、Ⅳ双侧发育不全型、Ⅴ无中间隔型、Ⅵ未发育型(2)筛选出额窦个人识别指标：额窦不对称性、较大额窦面积的侧别、左右侧额窦上缘弓形弯曲数、额窦部分隔位置以及额窦中间隔的位置性别差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)；额窦面积与眼眶面积的比值性别差异在统计学上有意义，且男性大于女性(P＜0.05)。 【结论】(1)经400例额窦数字X线影像分型与数字编码研究再次证实额窦形态具有高度个人特异性，可以用于法医学同一认定；(2)提出额窦数字X线影像学的六类分型：Ⅰ标准型、Ⅱ单侧缺失型、Ⅲ单侧发育不全型、Ⅳ双侧发育不全型、Ⅴ无中间隔型、Ⅵ未发育型；(3)额窦不对称性、较大额窦面积的侧别、左右侧额窦上缘弓形弯曲数、额窦部分隔位置以及额窦中间隔的位置7项指标无性别差异，仅额窦面积与眼眶面积比值1项指标有性别差异；(4)采用额窦数字X线影像进行同一认定的步骤：可先作类别分型，再用所选取的8项指标对额窦形态编制数字识别编码。
[Abstract]:[background and objective] using radiographic data to identify the same is one of the most important research topics in forensic radiology. Because of the unique and diverse morphological characteristics of human frontal sinus, it has become the most commonly used identification marker in craniofacial. The personal identification of individuals using radiographic data of human frontal sinus is becoming more and more widely used in forensic medicine. This is based on the fact that the frontal sinus of a single human body has the characteristics of highly personal specificity, lifetime invariance, difficulty in forgery, easy observation and measurement, and can be used for forensic identification. However, from an evidential point of view, The objective of this study is to further explore the digital radiographic classification of frontal sinus and the index and coding of the same recognition. [methods] according to the criteria of inclusion and exclusion, the frontal sinus CR films were collected. The anatomic characteristics of frontal sinus were classified and analyzed. The asymmetry of frontal sinus was also screened out. The ratio of left frontal sinus area to left orbital area, right frontal sinus area to right orbital area, and larger frontal sinus area were found. The number of arcuate curves in the upper margin of the left frontal sinus, the number of arcuate curves in the superior margin of the right frontal sinus, the partial septal position of the frontal sinus and the middle septal position of the frontal sinus were studied by descriptive statistical analysis and numerical coding. [results] six types of digital radiographic features of frontal sinus were proposed: 鈪

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