刑讯逼供的心理成因及防治对策探析

发布时间：2018-03-29 23:41

本文选题：刑讯逼供　切入点：行为　出处：《中国政法大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】：刑讯逼供是一种野蛮、落后、残酷的讯问手段,被我国法律明文禁止。但过去与现实的司法实践一再表明:刑讯逼供屡禁不止、屡治不绝,已经成为刑事司法活动中亟待解决的一大顽症。本文立足于实施刑讯逼供的个体,从分析刑讯逼供行为入手,探求行为背后的心理以及形成这种心理的主客观原因,并提出了相应的防治对策和建议。全文由五章组成。第一章是对刑讯逼供行为的概述。刑讯逼供是指在刑事诉讼过程中追诉者对被追诉者进行讯问时采取肉刑、变相肉刑或精神折磨等方法逼取其供认犯罪的行为。刑讯逼供作为一种社会现象,是在一定历史条件下产生与发展变化的,其本身有着深刻的历史根源。目前,我国的刑讯逼供现象仍然屡禁不止,时有发生,其特点主要表现为方式繁多,手段残忍;性质恶劣,后果严重;行为的对象已不分性别年龄;造成的冤假错案难以得到纠正;行为的暴露具有较大的偶然性等。刑讯逼供不仅侵犯了少数人的权利,而且还严重干扰和破坏了国家刑事诉讼的整个过程,损害了国家法制建设和法治社会的根基。第二章重点分析了刑讯逼供的心理及其表现形式。认为,刑讯逼供的心理是指影响和支配行为人实施刑讯逼供行为的各种心理因素的总称。刑讯逼供行为是刑讯逼供心理调节支配主体实施刑讯逼供行为的必然结果。个体是否实施刑讯行为,并不单纯取决于客观因素,还与其主体因素密切相关。刑讯逼供心理的表现形式主要包括特权心理、急功近利心理、侥幸心理、从众同流心理和成瘾心理等。个体实施刑讯逼供行为往往同时存在多种心理状态。第三章论述了影响刑讯逼供心理形成的主体外因素。历史原因,主要指传统司法观念及封建残余思想的影响,这是促使刑讯逼供心理产生的最深层次的原因。现行法律制度中存在缺陷,其中最为突出的是“如实回答”义务的规定和证据制度的不完整。职业因素,一是社会对警察职业存在特殊期许,这种特殊期许很容易被警察自我肯定并保留下来,潜移默化为一种习惯或带有倾向性的行为方式。二是特殊职业造成的压力。职业的特殊性加之现有工作环境中一些客观因素的影响,给警察造成了巨大的心理压力,容易使他们产生不良心理,甚至出现侵犯或攻击他人等错误行为。给警察造成压力的客观因素主要包括警力不足,警员分布不合理;经费不足,技术装备落后;考核指标体系不科学,激励导向有偏差;警察素质良莠不齐等。三是相关人员和部门的包庇纵容。这使一些刑讯逼供人员的畏惧心理得到消融,侥幸心理得到强化。四是情境因素。刑讯动机的最终形成
[Abstract]:Extorting confessions by torture is a kind of brutal, backward and cruel means of interrogation, which is explicitly prohibited by the law of our country. It has become an intractable disease to be solved urgently in the criminal judicial activities. This article bases on the individual who carries out the torture to extract a confession, starting with the analysis of the behavior of extorting a confession by torture, and explores the psychology behind the behavior and the subjective and objective reasons for the formation of this kind of psychology. The corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward. The first chapter is an overview of the behavior of extorting confessions by torture. Extorting confessions by torture refers to the use of corporal punishment when the prosecution interrogates the accused in the course of criminal proceedings. As a social phenomenon, extortion of confessions by torture, as a social phenomenon, was produced and developed under certain historical conditions, and it itself has profound historical roots. The phenomenon of extorting confessions by torture in our country is still forbidden, which occurs from time to time. Its characteristics are various ways, cruel means, bad nature, serious consequences, regardless of sex and age, and the wrongs and wrongs caused are difficult to be corrected. Extorting confessions by torture not only infringes on the rights of a few people, but also seriously interferes with and destroys the whole process of national criminal proceedings, and damages the foundation of the construction of the national legal system and the rule of law society. The second chapter mainly analyzes the psychology and manifestation of extorting confessions by torture. The psychology of extorting confessions by torture refers to the general name of various psychological factors that affect and dominate the behavior of the perpetrator in the act of extorting confessions by torture. The behavior of extorting confessions by torture is the inevitable result of the psychological regulation of the subject of extorting confessions by torture and dominating the subject of the act of extorting confessions by torture. Whether the body carries out acts of torture, It is not only determined by objective factors, but also closely related to its main factors. The behavior of extorting confessions by torture often has a variety of psychological states at the same time. The third chapter discusses the external factors which affect the psychological formation of extorting confessions by torture. The historical reasons mainly refer to the influence of traditional judicial concepts and feudal residual thoughts. This is the deepest reason for the psychology of extorting confessions by torture. There are some defects in the current legal system, the most prominent of which are the provisions of the "truthful answer" obligation and the imperfections of the evidentiary system. One is that society has a special expectation for the profession of the police, which is very easy for the police to affirm themselves and retain them. The second is the pressure caused by special occupation. The particularity of the occupation and the influence of some objective factors in the existing working environment have caused enormous psychological pressure to the police. It is easy to make them produce bad psychology, even some wrong behavior such as infringing or attacking others. The objective factors that cause pressure to the police include insufficient police force, unreasonable distribution of police officers, insufficient funds, backward technical equipment, and so on. The examination index system is not scientific, the incentive guidance is biased, the police quality is mixed, and so on. Third, the protection and connivance of the relevant personnel and departments. This causes some people who extort confessions by torture to melt their fear. The fourth is the situation factor. The final formation of the motive of torture
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D917

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