未成年人轻罪犯罪记录消灭制度刍议

发布时间：2018-03-30 17:49

本文选题：未成年人　切入点：犯罪记录　出处：《复旦大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：刑事犯罪记录可以证明行为人曾经在人格方面存在缺陷,故而实施了危害社会的行为。如果其再次实施刑事方面的危害社会的行为,通过法律规定的犯罪记录报告制度,以及与之相配套的户籍管理、档案管理等制度,当事人在法律上将受到更严厉的制裁。刑事犯罪记录报告制度对于打击犯罪起到了震慑作用,但与未成年人保护法等相关法律相冲突,并未对成年人和未成年人予以区分对待,也不能真正体现有关法律和政策中确定的对其“教育、感化、挽救”的方针,对留有犯罪记录的未成年人回归社会造成了极大的障碍。由于未成年人具有不同于成年人的身心特点,所以国家和社会应给予其更多的宽容、关爱和信任。因此,对未成年人犯罪记录加以专题研究的重要性和必要性也更加凸显。全文共分为三大部分,具体由引言、六个主要章节和结语共同组成。第一章,根据未成年人的特性,对未成年人犯罪特点进行了分析,明确指出我国的法律规定与未成年人犯罪记录消灭制度存在的冲突。第二章,具体理清了轻罪犯罪记录和犯罪记录消灭的基本概念和特征,从哲学、社会学、犯罪学、法理学等角度具体分析了轻罪犯罪记录消灭制度存在的理论基础,为深入探究我国未成年人轻罪犯罪记录消灭制度确立基本的逻辑起点。第三章,为国外立法启迪和国内实践探索部分。本章首先对国外未成年人轻微犯罪记录消灭的相关法律进行介绍；其次,从未成年人的轻罪犯罪记录消灭制度制定的社会背景着手,结合近些年来国内实践和理论方面的探索,对这一制度的构建时机是否成熟进行了详细阐述。第四章,为制度构建的可行性和意义部分。本章首先结合我国的具体法律规定和具体国情,提出这一制度构建的可行性。此外,对这一制度构建的意义从四个方面做了详细分析,从而进一步表明了这一制度制定的必要性和紧迫性。第五章,为制度具体构思。立足我国实际,从适用范围、方式和程序、法律效力等方面,系统阐述了未成年人轻罪犯罪记录消灭制度的设计构想,以实现未成年人轻罪犯罪记录消灭的规范化、制度化。第六章,从现实中如何更好地保证这一制度予以执行、并达到其预想的法律和社会效果的角度出发,对如何完善这一制度提出自己的建议。
[Abstract]:A criminal record can prove that the perpetrator had a personality defect and thus committed an act against society. If he commits a criminal offence against society again, he or she adopts the criminal record reporting system prescribed by law, As well as the corresponding household registration management, file management and other systems, the parties concerned will be subject to more severe sanctions in the law. The criminal record reporting system has played a deterrent role in cracking down on crime. However, conflicts with relevant laws such as the protection of minors do not discriminate between adults and minors, nor do they really reflect the policy of "education, probation and rescue" as defined in the relevant laws and policies. It is a great obstacle for minors with criminal records to return to society. Because minors have different physical and mental characteristics from adults, the state and society should give them more tolerance, care and trust. The importance and necessity of special research on juvenile delinquency record are also more prominent. The full text is divided into three parts: introduction, six main chapters and conclusion. The first chapter, according to the characteristics of minors, analyzes the characteristics of juvenile delinquency, and points out the conflict between the legal provisions of our country and the system of the elimination of juvenile criminal records. In the second chapter, the author clarifies the basic concepts and characteristics of misdemeanor criminal record and the elimination of criminal record, and analyzes the theoretical basis of the existence of the system from the angles of philosophy, sociology, criminology, jurisprudence and so on. To establish a basic logical starting point for further exploring the system of the elimination of minor misdemeanor records in our country. The third chapter, for the foreign legislation enlightenment and domestic practice exploration part. This chapter first carries on the introduction to the foreign minor minor crime record elimination related law; secondly, Starting from the social background of the establishment of the system of eliminating minor misdemeanor records and combining with the exploration of domestic practice and theory in recent years, this paper expounds in detail whether the time is ripe for the establishment of this system. The fourth chapter is the feasibility and significance of the system construction. Firstly, this chapter puts forward the feasibility of the system construction in combination with the specific legal provisions and the specific national conditions of our country. This paper makes a detailed analysis of the significance of the construction of this system from four aspects, and further indicates the necessity and urgency of the establishment of the system. The fifth chapter is the concrete conception of the system. Based on the reality of our country, this paper systematically expounds the design conception of the system of eliminating minor misdemeanor record from the aspects of the scope of application, the method and procedure, the legal effect, and so on. In order to achieve the minor minor crime record elimination standardization, institutionalization. In the sixth chapter, from the point of view of how to better guarantee the implementation of the system in reality and to achieve its anticipated legal and social effects, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to perfect the system.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C913.5;D925.2

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