社会转型背景下警察职能的探讨

发布时间：2018-03-31 00:16

本文选题：公共管理　切入点：社会转型　出处：《上海交通大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 社会转型是指社会运行机制从一种形式向另一种形式转换的过程,即由传统社会向现代社会的转变。本文所指的社会转型期是指从1978年改革开放以来,中国社会的加速转型时期。社会转型期往往是产业结构快速转型、利益格局剧烈变化、政治体制不断应对新挑战的时期,同时也是社会矛盾加剧、经济容易失调、社会容易失序、道德容易失范的时期,必然会引发一系列社会问题。十六届四中全会以来,党中央提出了要努力构建民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序、人与自然和谐相处的社会主义和谐社会。警察机关在新时期肩负着巩固共产党的执政地位、维护国家长治久安、保障人民安居乐业的重大政治和社会责任,在构建社会主义和谐社会中起着特殊重要的作用,经受着前所未有的重大考验和挑战。一方面,转型期带来的社会矛盾导致维护社会稳定的难度加大;另一方面,警察机关在管理体制、组织结构、警务机制等存在着严重的不适应。在这种背景下,研究警察职能的问题,寻求解决问题的对策,具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。马克思主义的国家理论学说认为,警察是同国家一起产生的,国家是阶级统治的工具,警察是维护统治阶级、维护国家政权的工具。警察的国家工具属性决定了其必须具有两个基本职能:一是警察的政治职能,即警察运用暴力、法制等强制力,控制被统治阶级,镇压被统治阶级及一切破坏现存的政治秩序、法律秩序、社会秩序的分子的破坏。二是警察的社会管理职能,即警察运用国家权力执行对社会公共事务的管理和维护,包括公共秩序管理职能和公共服务职能。长期以来,我国警学界对警察职能的研究主要是从政治学的学科角度认识警察,突出警察的阶级性,绝大多数学者认为,警察的政治职能是主导职能,而警察的社会管理职能只是次要职能,在这种观点影响下,基层警察工作中对警察二重职能的强调程度出现明显不同,“重打击,轻防范”、“重管理、轻服务”的观念一直占据主导地位。本文选择另一科学角度,即管理学角度,利用所学的公共管理学知识,探讨社会转型期在政府职能转变的背景下,作为国家行政机关重要组成部分的警察机关的职能定位。论文共分四个部分。第一章绪论主要介绍选题的背景、意义及国内外研究现状等。第二章介绍了警察的职能及其历史演变。通过对比中外警察机关职能演变的历史进程,指出一个国家警察职能的重心是随着这个国家社会的主要矛盾的变化而转变,随着国家职能的转变而相应调整。第三章从转型期警察工作所处的环境,即警察工作的客体--社会治安环境,以及警察工作得以开展的主体--警察机关自身的管理体制、组织结构、警务模式等两个角度,分析了社会转型对我国现阶段警务工作带来的挑战。第四章是全文的重点,根据前文的分析,提出了构建服务型警务应对转型期挑战的观点。界定了服务型警务的概念,强调服务理念,阐述了构建服务型警务的意义,并明确了服务型警务的实现途径、工作内容和制度保障等。服务型警务是相对于传统的管制型警务而言的,构建服务型警务不是说要否定警察政治镇压职能和公共秩序管理职能,而是说警察不再仅仅是阶级专政的工具,也不仅仅是社会生活的“管理者”,而应该是社会的“公仆”,应强化公共服务职能,为社会、为人民群众提供公共安全服务。在转型期面对复杂、严峻的治安形势,警察一方面要加大打击犯罪、维护稳定的投入,为经济建设创造良好的社会治安环境;另一方面要根据社会、人民群众的的需求,转变观念,不再以管人者自居,而应以群众安全感和满意度为工作的出发点,开展警务改革,强化服务意识,提高服务的质量和水平。本文在写作过程中,通过学习、借鉴别人研究成果,尝试在以下两个方面进行创新:一是以新公共管理理论为支撑,从警察的公共性为研究的切入点,对服务型警务的概念进行了界定,强调服务和公民导向、以人为本的理念;二是针对目前警察机关在组织结构、运行机制、警务模式中存在的严重不适应,提出了改革对策,以期警察机关在提供公共安全服务时更加有效、公平。
[Abstract]:The social transformation refers to the transition from one form to another , that is , the transition from the traditional society to the modern society . The social transformation period referred to in this paper refers to the period of accelerating the transformation of the Chinese society since the reform and opening up in 1978 .

Since the Fourth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China , the Party Central Committee has put forward a socialist harmonious society to build democratic rule of law , fairness and justice , honesty and friendship , vitality , stability and order , and harmony with nature .

According to Marxist theory of national theory , the police are the tools of class rule , the state is the tool of class rule , the police are the tools to maintain the ruling class and safeguard the state power . The national tool attribute of the police determines that it must have two basic functions : one is the police ' s political function , that is , the police use the force of violence , the rule of law and so on . The second is the social management function of the police , that is , the police uses the state power to carry out the management and maintenance of the public affairs , including public order management function and public service function .

For a long time , the study of police function in the police field of our country is mainly from the subject angle of the political science to the police , outstanding the police ' s class , the majority of scholars believe that the police ' s political function is the leading function , and the police ' s social management function is only the secondary function . Under the influence of this view , the basic police work has the obvious difference to the emphasis degree of the two functions of the police . In this paper , we choose another scientific angle , namely , the management science angle , use the knowledge of the public management science , and probe into the function orientation of the police organ which is an important part of the state administrative organ in the context of the transformation of the government function .

The first chapter introduces the background , significance and current research situation of police . Chapter Three introduces the function of police function and its historical evolution . In chapter three , the author points out that the focus of the function of police is changing with the change of the function of the country . Chapter three points out that the function of police service is changed with the change of the function of the country . Chapter Three defines the concept of service - oriented policing , emphasizes the service idea , expounds the significance of constructing service - type police , and clarifies the realization way , working content and system guarantee of service - type police .

On the one hand , the police should strengthen public service function and provide public security service for the people . On the other hand , we should strengthen public service function and provide public security service for the people .

In the process of writing , by studying and using the research results of others , we try to innovate in two ways : First , based on the theory of new public management , the concept of service - oriented policing is defined , and the concept of service - oriented policing is defined , the service - oriented policing concept is emphasized , and the reform measures are put forward , with the hope that the police organ will be more effective and fair in the provision of public security services .

【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D631.1

【引证文献】