城市弱势群体犯罪被害问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 20:49

本文选题：城市弱势群体　切入点：犯罪被害　出处：《湘潭大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： “城市弱势群体”是指生活在城市中,在经济上和政治上处于相对弱势的人群。城市弱势群体的弱势地位使得其犯罪被害问题显得比较突出,直接影响到了社会的和谐与稳定,因此研究此问题既有理论意义,也有实践意义。就理论意义而言,西方学者对犯罪被害所做的调查结果显示弱势群体更易遭受犯罪侵害①,那么在我国是否同样存在这一问题呢?为了检验这一理论观点,我们进行了实证调查。调查和分析的结果印证了其正确性。就实践意义而言,以往犯罪学研究对“犯罪——被害”的分析往往注重犯罪微观的、具体的过程,对“犯罪——被害”的宏观社会背景分析不足,为此在收集数据,描述现象的基础上对城市弱势群体犯罪被害的原因进行了分析,发现城市弱势群体遭受犯罪侵害的原因既有社会因素,也有个体因素。社会因素(国家、社会支持系统、强势群体三类主体)包括国家权力运行重心失衡、社会支持系统不健全、强势群体竞争限制等三个层面的内容。个体因素主要在于城市弱势群体在权利意识、防范意识和职业素质方面的不足。针对城市弱势群体遭受犯罪侵害的原因,相应地使之免遭犯罪侵害的对策应当从社会和个体两个方面做出努力。在社会因素方面,主要是调整国家权力运作重心、重新平衡公正与效率之间的关系、努力落实各项社会福利政策、重视社区对预防被害的积极作用;社会支持体统要更多地关注城市弱势群体,在就业渠道上给予帮助;强势群体应当采用温和的竞争手段、尊重弱势群体。个人因素方面,既要加强权利意识和防范意识;又要努力提高自身的职业素质,从根本上扭转易于被害的局面。总之,希望能够通过国家权力、社会支持系统、强势群体、城市弱势群体个人四方面的综合治理,最终达到减少城市弱势群体遭受犯罪侵害的目的。
[Abstract]:The "urban vulnerable group" refers to the relatively weak group living in the city, economically and politically.The vulnerable position of the vulnerable groups in cities makes the problem of crime and victimization more prominent, which directly affects the harmony and stability of the society. Therefore, the study of this problem has both theoretical and practical significance.From the theoretical point of view, the survey results of western scholars on the crime victims show that the vulnerable groups are more vulnerable to crime, so is there the same problem in our country?In order to test this theoretical point of view, we conducted an empirical investigation.The results of investigation and analysis confirm its correctness.In terms of practical significance, the analysis of "crime-victimization" in the past criminology research often pays attention to the microscopic and concrete process of crime, and the macro-social background analysis of "crime-victimization" is insufficient, so it is collecting data.Based on the description of the phenomenon, this paper analyzes the causes of the crime and victimization of the urban vulnerable groups, and finds that there are both social and individual factors for the crime of the urban vulnerable groups.Social factors (the state, the social support system and the strong group) include three aspects: the imbalance of the center of gravity of the state power operation, the unsound social support system, and the competitive restriction of the strong group.The individual factor mainly lies in the deficiency of the right consciousness, guard consciousness and professional quality of the vulnerable groups in the city.In view of the causes of the crime against the vulnerable groups in cities, the corresponding countermeasures should be made from the social and individual aspects.In terms of social factors, it is mainly to adjust the focus of the operation of state power, rebalance the relationship between justice and efficiency, strive to implement various social welfare policies, and attach importance to the positive role of the community in the prevention of victimization.The social support system should pay more attention to the urban vulnerable groups and give help in employment channels; the strong groups should adopt moderate competitive means and respect the vulnerable groups.In terms of personal factors, we should not only strengthen the consciousness of right and prevention, but also strive to improve our own professional quality so as to fundamentally reverse the situation that is easy to be killed.In a word, it is hoped that through the comprehensive management of the state power, the social support system, the strong group and the individual of the urban vulnerable group, the purpose of reducing the crime against the urban vulnerable group will be achieved.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D917

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