侦查程序构造论

发布时间：2018-04-03 03:12

本文选题：侦查　切入点：程序　出处：《中国政法大学》2004年硕士论文

【摘要】： 侦查程序是最能反映一国刑事诉讼控制犯罪能力和保障人权程度的阶段，研究侦查程序中控、辩、裁三方的关系和结构，并设计符合我国国情的侦查构造即是本文探讨的主要问题。研究这一课题，对丰富刑事侦查理论，指导我国刑事司法体制改革有着重要的价值和意义。本文分四个部分：第一部分从基本理念入手，对侦查程序的概念、特征、地位、性质和目的进行了研究和探讨，分析了有关侦查程序地位的不同认识，主张侦查独立说。从追溯对侦查程序性质的不同认识和分析，认为侦查程序中应当保持其行政程序的性质，但有必要对其加强司法审查。而从侦查程序的目的分析，认为侦查程序不仅要体现控制犯罪的职能，而更应重视对人权的保护，尤其是保护被追诉人的合法权益，从而实现刑事诉讼的终极目标——正义。并由以上分析，得出侦查程序构造的概念，即用诉讼构造论的原理，把侦查置于整个刑事程序中，对侦查程序中的主体之间的相互关系加以系统考察。第二部分介绍了外国刑事侦查程序构造的基本理论，并分别对美国帕卡的两个模式理论及日本的不同侦查观进行剖析，还对英美法系及大陆法系的侦查构造理论及其演变过程进行了阐述，从而得出了侦查构造的应然模式——三角结构，并阐明了这一结构的内在机理：司法保障原则、正当程序原则、控辩平衡原则。第三部分对我国刑事侦查程序的特点进行了分析，指出其总体上趋近于大陆法系的纠问式，，呈现出一种线形结构，表现出超职权主义特征，并剖析了这一结构形成的原因，引发的弊端和存在的问题；以及我国目前存在的有关侦查程序构造理论的三种说法。由此本文提出我国的侦查程序构造应是以法官为顶点，控、辩对立的等腰三角形结构。第四部分指出改革和完善我国刑事侦查构造，应当建立三角形结构，并为实现这一目标提出了具体的改革构想，提出了：一、改革“分工负责、互相配合、互相制约”的公、检、法关系；二、确立司法审查原则，实行令状主义；三、严格规定强制措施的适用程序，规范侦查活动；四、保护辩护律师的有效参与；五、构建适合我国的人身保护令制度，赋予被追诉人的异议权；六、加强对犯罪嫌疑人的权利保障；七、强化人民检察院的侦查监督权。
[Abstract]:The investigation procedure is the stage which can best reflect the criminal control ability and the protection of human rights of a country, and study the relationship and structure of the three parties in the investigation procedure: control, debate and adjudication.It is the main problem of this article to design the investigation structure which accords with the national conditions of our country.It is of great value and significance to enrich the theory of criminal investigation and guide the reform of criminal justice system.This paper is divided into four parts:The first part, starting with the basic concept, studies and discusses the concept, characteristics, status, nature and purpose of the investigation procedure, analyzes the different understanding of the investigation procedure status, and advocates the theory of investigation independence.Based on the different understanding and analysis of the nature of the investigation procedure, the author thinks that the nature of the administrative procedure should be maintained in the investigation procedure, but it is necessary to strengthen the judicial review.From the analysis of the purpose of the investigation procedure, the author thinks that the investigation procedure should not only embody the function of controlling the crime, but also pay more attention to the protection of human rights, especially the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the accused, so as to realize the ultimate goal of the criminal procedure-justice.From the above analysis, the concept of the structure of investigation procedure is obtained, that is, with the principle of litigation construction theory, the investigation is placed in the whole criminal procedure, and the relationship between the subjects in the investigation procedure is systematically investigated.The second part introduces the basic theory of the construction of foreign criminal investigation procedure, and analyzes the two models theory of American Parka and the different investigation view of Japan, respectively.It also expounds the investigation structure theory and its evolution process of Anglo-American law system and civil law system, and then obtains the ought pattern of investigation structure-triangle structure, and clarifies the inherent mechanism of this structure: the principle of judicial guarantee.Principle of due process, principle of balance between prosecution and defense.The third part analyzes the characteristics of criminal investigation procedure in our country, and points out that the criminal investigation procedure approaches to the civil law system on the whole, showing a linear structure, showing the characteristics of super-authority, and analyzing the reasons for the formation of this structure.The disadvantages and existing problems, and the three theories about the construction of investigation procedure in our country.Therefore, this paper puts forward that the construction of investigation procedure in our country should be isosceles triangle structure with judge as the vertex, control and argue the opposition.The fourth part points out that to reform and perfect the structure of criminal investigation in our country, we should establish a triangular structure, and put forward a concrete reform idea to achieve this goal, and put forward:First, reform the public, procuratorial and legal relations of "division of labor, responsibility, cooperation and mutual restriction";Second, establish the principle of judicial review and implement writ doctrine;Third, strictly stipulate the applicable procedure of compulsory measures and standardize the investigation activities;Fourth, to protect the effective participation of defence counsel;Fifthly, to construct the system of habeas corpus suitable for our country, and give the accused the right of dissent;Sixth, strengthen the protection of the rights of criminal suspects;Seventh, strengthen the power of investigation and supervision of the people's procuratorate.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D915.3

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