刑讯逼供现象的法文化思考

发布时间：2018-04-03 13:00

本文选题：刑讯逼供　切入点：历史沿革　出处：《对外经济贸易大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：刑讯逼供作为我国现行司法体制中的一个痼疾,不仅侵犯犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的人身权利和民主权利,而且容易制造冤案、假案、错案,严重地损害了现代刑事诉讼的程序价值,背离了我国依法治国的方针。现代的司法实践中刑讯逼供长期屡禁不绝,与其远古时就被确立为合法的审讯制度而延续数千年的历史密切相关。刑讯自西周开始就被确立为合法的审讯制度,经秦汉两朝的发展到唐朝逐渐成熟,后被历代传承,直至清末时因受到西方资本主义保障人权的诉讼观念的冲击才得以废除,但它的负面影响却一直延续到现代的司法活动。通过对刑讯制度三千年来发展轨迹的研究,我们认为导致古代司法活动中刑讯泛滥的主要原因有以下三个方面:一是传统司法理念忽视诉讼当事人的合法权利;二是古代司法活动遵循的是“有罪推定”的原则和“罪从供定”的证据规则;三是司法权力过于集中、司法监督力度的薄弱。由此可见,若想在现代刑事诉讼中杜绝刑讯逼供的发生,就必须从根本上消除上述因素的负面影响,在司法实践中注意以下问题:一是纠正传统司法诉讼观念,树立保障人权的诉讼理念;二是在立法中确立“无罪推定”原则和“禁刑讯”的证据规则;三是加强对司法活动的监督力度,加强对侦查活动的法律约束。
[Abstract]:As a chronic disease in the current judicial system of our country, extorting confessions by torture not only infringes on the personal rights and democratic rights of criminal suspects and defendants, but also easily creates unjust, false and wrong cases.It seriously damages the procedural value of modern criminal procedure and deviates from the rule of law in our country.In modern judicial practice, extorting confessions by torture has long been forbidden, which is closely related to the history of thousands of years since it was established as a legal interrogation system in ancient times.Torture was established as a legal interrogation system since the Western Zhou Dynasty. After the development of the Qin and Han dynasties to the Tang Dynasty, it was gradually mature and passed on by successive dynasties, until the end of the Qing Dynasty, due to the impact of western capitalism to protect human rights, it was abolished.However, its negative impact has been extended to modern judicial activities.Through the study of the development of the criminal inquiry system in the past three thousand years, we believe that the main reasons leading to the spread of torture in the ancient judicial activities are as follows: first, the traditional judicial concept ignores the legal rights of the litigants;The other is that the ancient judicial activities followed the principle of "presumption of guilt" and the rule of evidence of "according to the crime", and the third one was that the judicial power was too centralized and the judicial supervision was weak.It can be seen that if we want to put an end to the occurrence of extorting confessions by torture in modern criminal proceedings, we must fundamentally eliminate the negative effects of the above-mentioned factors and pay attention to the following problems in judicial practice: first, to correct the traditional concept of judicial proceedings,The second is to establish the principle of "presumption of innocence" and the rule of evidence of "prohibition of torture" in legislation, and the third is to strengthen the supervision of judicial activities and strengthen the legal constraints on investigation activities.
【学位授予单位】：对外经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：D917;D925.2

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