我国刑事被害人求偿权问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 18:42

本文选题：刑事被害人 + 求偿权　；参考：《安徽大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国法制文明历史悠久,在其发展的过程中,很大程度上受到“国家本位”这一理论的影响,因此,在诉讼过程中,刑事被害人的社会地位始终很低,他们的求偿权虽然受到相关法律的保护,但是在司法实践过程中,往往得不到实现,可以说从应然到实然是一个漫长而曲折的过程。求偿权是不是可以得到保证,不仅与被害人的身心所受到的伤害能否得到弥补密切相关,而且还直接决定着社会能否安定团结的发展下去。除此之外,它与中国新世纪以来所提倡的司法权的贯彻落实密切相关。所以,怎样创建合理的求偿权体系、如何保证被害人的法律权益都是中国在推进法治建设过程中所面临的主要难题。其中对于刑事被害人求偿权研究具有重大实际意义和现实作用。本文首先阐述了中国刑事被害人求偿权的实际状况,其次联系中国司法体系的现状,在实然层面认真研究和分析我国现在所面临的求偿权问题。本文主要分为以下三个部分：引言、正文、结论。第一部分,主要阐述了刑事被害人求偿权的相关观念和基本理论。文章首先介绍了世界知名学者对求偿权的多种定义及其分类方法,然后概述了中国刑事被害人求偿权的研究现状以及各个阶段的发展情况。第二部分,概括分析各国刑事被害人求偿权产生、发展的基本情况。随着刑事被害人学在全球兴起,我国对于刑事被害人的研究起步较晚。对于刑事被害人求偿权,中国的专家学者未能制定一个明确、统一的定义,针对这一现状,怎样改进对刑事被害人求偿权落空引发的弊端,笔者将其作为理论切入点,在此基础上进行拓展。第三部分,结合中国司法的具体现状,明确了实现求偿权的基本要求。并从四个方面讨论制定了实现刑事被害人求偿权的措施。在认真分析和研究各种问题产生原因的前提下,结合我国人权保障以及法律体系的具体背景,提出确立被害人求偿权实现体系：即有关部门在起草制定法律时,要重视对被害人合法权益的保护,司法人员在执法过程中尽可能融入先进的司法理念,从而用法律的手段使国人的合法权益得到最大程度的保护；在健全民事诉讼体系的基础上,倡导犯罪人及时承担赔偿责任。文草的最后,作者认为,被害人求偿权的完善与进步,需要建立一个科学、合理的诉讼步骤,健全中国刑事赔偿的执行体系,打造一个司法制度健全、司法人员业务水平过高的系统,并以此为前提讨论中国刑事司法体系的办法和发展方向。
[Abstract]:Our country legal system civilization has a long history, in its development process, to a large extent by the "national standard" this theory, therefore, in the proceedings, criminal victims of social status has always been very low,Although their claims are protected by relevant laws, they are often not realized in the process of judicial practice, which can be said to be a long and tortuous process from ought to be to reality.Whether the right to claim can be guaranteed is not only closely related to whether the victim's physical and mental injury can be compensated, but also directly determines whether the society can develop steadily and coherently.In addition, it is closely related to the implementation of judicial power advocated by China in the new century.Therefore, how to establish a reasonable system of claims and how to ensure the legal rights and interests of victims are the main problems that China faces in the process of promoting the construction of the rule of law.Among them, it has great practical significance and realistic function for the research of criminal victim's claim right.This paper first expounds the actual situation of the Chinese criminal victim's right to claim, and then, according to the present situation of the Chinese judicial system, studies and analyzes the problem of the Chinese criminal victim's right of claim at the realistic level.This article is divided into the following three parts: introduction, text, conclusion.The first part, mainly elaborated the criminal victim claim the right related idea and the basic theory.This paper first introduces the various definitions and classification methods of the right of claim by famous scholars in the world, and then summarizes the present situation of the research on the right of claim of criminal victim in China and the development of each stage.In the second part, the author generalizes the basic situation of the criminal victim's right of claim in various countries.With the rise of criminal victim science in the world, the study of criminal victim in our country started late.Chinese experts and scholars have failed to formulate a clear and unified definition of the criminal victim's right to claim compensation. In view of this situation, how to improve the malpractice caused by the failure of the criminal victim's right to claim compensation is regarded as a theoretical breakthrough point.On this basis to expand.The third part, combined with the specific situation of Chinese judicature, clarifies the basic requirements for the realization of the right of claim.And from four aspects to discuss the realization of criminal victims of the right to compensation measures.On the premise of seriously analyzing and studying the causes of various problems, combining with the human rights protection and the specific background of the legal system of our country, this paper puts forward the establishment of the system of realizing the right of the victims to claim compensation: that is, when the relevant departments draft and formulate laws,We should pay attention to the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the victims, the judicial personnel in the process of law enforcement as much as possible into the advanced judicial concept, so that the legal means of the people's legitimate rights and interests of the maximum degree of protection;On the basis of perfecting the civil litigation system, the criminal should bear the compensation liability in time.Finally, the author holds that the perfection and progress of the victim's right to claim requires the establishment of a scientific and reasonable procedure, a sound execution system of Chinese criminal compensation, and a sound judicial system.The system of judicial personnel with high professional level is discussed on the premise of the approach and development direction of China's criminal justice system.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D917.9

【引证文献】