侦查讯问过程中口语向书面语转换研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 14:09

本文选题：侦查 + 讯问　；参考：《华中师范大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 侦查讯问过程是依据《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》的有关规定，通过问答方式获取供词的过程，同时又是一种复杂的、特殊的言语交际过程。按照规定，讯问的同时必须当场制作讯问笔录，真实、简洁、全面地记录讯问情况，这就不可避免地会涉及到生活口语向笔录书面语转换的问题。关于这一问题的研究，本文先从口语与书面语的关系入手，借鉴前人的研究成果，分析口语与书面语的联系与区别：口语和书面语由于长期使用上的分工，形成了各自的特点，具有不同的社会功能；但是，口语与书面语都是语言的表现形式，两者密切配合，互相影响、互相渗透，还可以相互转换。这是本文研究的理论基础。语言的转换是一个非常复杂的过程，有一些制约因素，如口语表达与书面语记录速度之间存在时间差；口语灵活多变与书面语规范保守的特性相差较大；笔录书面语要求严、内容多，转换有难度；口语表达无法预料，不确定因素多，，影响转换的质量。为解决这一问题，本文探讨了转换的多种方式，即繁杂口语向精练书面语转换、歧义语言向准确语言的转换、确切语言向模糊语言的转换、病语病句向规范语言的转换，总结了省略、压缩、归纳概括等多种手段，使语言更加规范、准确、精炼、全面。在转换时，经常会碰到一些特殊语言，对它们的转换研究也要足够重视。讯问时常遇到的特殊语言主要指方言、犯罪隐语和体态语。方言口语向书面语转换时，首先要考虑到保留犯罪嫌疑人的语言特征，保证笔录的真实性；其次，一些与犯罪无关的基本方言词汇，可以用现代汉语来取代，保证笔录的规范性；最后，涉及到犯罪动机、犯罪手段的关键词语，要保留原话，并在后面加注释，确保证据的有效性。针对犯罪嫌疑人口语中的犯罪隐语，也要做出转换处理：如果隐语仅仅是同其他口语一起担负一般意义的表情达意任务时，可直接将隐语“译”为规范的现代汉语；如果犯罪隐语反映了案件的关键情节时，必须将其原原本本记录下来，并加括号进行注释。侦查讯问时，伴随口语出现的明显的体态变化，对研究犯罪嫌疑人的心理活动、精神状态非常有帮助。要将体态语转换为书面语，首先必须读懂它，借鉴身动学的研究成果解读体态信息；然后做出取舍，能提供线索、鉴别真伪、考察受讯态度的记录下来，其他不能传递明确信息的忽略不记；常用方法有直接表述法、加注法、翻译法。侦查讯问过程中，口语向书面语转换问题的研究非常必要，它直接关系到讯问笔录制作得合法与否，规范与否。目前，学术界对这个边缘问题还没有足够重视，研究还不深入。本论文虽然做了一些探索、梳理，仍有一些问题无法解决，有待于进一步研究。
[Abstract]:The process of investigation and interrogation is a complicated and special process of verbal communication according to the relevant provisions of the Criminal procedure Law of the people's Republic of China and the process of obtaining confessions by means of question and answer. According to the regulation, the interrogation record must be made on the spot at the same time. It is true, concise and comprehensive to record the interrogation situation, which will inevitably involve the conversion of oral life to written language. On the research of this problem, this paper begins with the relationship between oral and written language, and analyzes the relationship and difference between spoken and written language by referring to the previous research results: the long term division of labor between spoken and written language forms their own characteristics. It has different social functions; however, oral and written language are both forms of expression of language, the two closely cooperate with each other, influence each other, infiltrate each other, and can also transform each other. This is the theoretical basis of this study. Language conversion is a very complex process, there are some restrictive factors, such as the time difference between oral expression and written language recording speed, the difference between flexible spoken language and the conservative characteristics of written language norms, the strict requirements of written language, The content is much, the conversion is difficult, the oral expression is unpredictable, the uncertain factor is many, affects the quality of the conversion. In order to solve this problem, this paper discusses several ways of transformation, that is, the conversion of complicated spoken language to refined written language, the conversion of ambiguous language to accurate language, the conversion of exact language to fuzzy language, and the conversion of diseased sentence into normative language. Summarizes the omission, compression, induction and other means to make the language more standardized, accurate, refined, comprehensive. In the transformation, often encounter some special language, their transformation research should be paid enough attention. The special language often encountered in interrogations mainly refers to dialects, criminal aphorisms and body language. In the conversion from spoken dialect to written language, first of all, we should consider preserving the linguistic characteristics of the criminal suspect to ensure the authenticity of the record. Secondly, some basic dialect words that have nothing to do with crime can be replaced by modern Chinese. Finally, the key words related to the motive and means of crime should be retained and annotated to ensure the validity of the evidence. In view of the criminal insinuation in the criminal suspect's spoken language, we should also make the transformation treatment: if the cloak is only with the other spoken language to undertake the general meaning facial expression reaches the meaning task, may directly "translate" the recessive phrase into the standard modern Chinese; If a criminal aphorism reflects the key circumstances of the case, it must be recorded in its original form and annotated in parentheses. With the obvious change of body appearance in oral language, it is helpful to study the psychological activities and mental state of criminal suspects. In order to convert body language into written language, we must first understand it and interpret body information with reference to the research results of psychokineology; then we can make a choice, provide clues, identify truth and false, and examine the record of the attitude of being interrogated. Other neglect that can not convey clear information; commonly used methods are direct expression, annotate, translation. In the process of investigation and interrogation, it is necessary to study the conversion of spoken language to written language, which is directly related to the legality and standardization of the record of interrogation. At present, the academic community has not paid enough attention to this marginal problem, and the research is not deep. Although this paper has made some exploration, combing, there are still some problems can not be solved, need to be further studied.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D90-055;D918.5

【引证文献】