司法鉴定标准化问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 20:05

本文选题：司法鉴定 + 标准化　；参考：《河北大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随着自然科学的迅猛发展，鉴定结论在诉讼过程中的作用日益突出，，正逐渐发展成为法官认定案件事实的必备手段。鉴定结论作为一种独立的、特殊的证据形式，是人民法院借以查明案件事实、认定案件性质的重要依据，对于准确的定罪量刑、保证办案质量、避免冤假错案有着十分重要的作用。然而，由于目前我国司法鉴定实践中存在的突出问题，致使鉴定结论的科学性、客观性、公正性受到了一定程度的影响，这不仅增加了办案的难度，干扰了司法活动的正常进行，而且使司法鉴定结论的公信力受到严重的损害。如何提升司法鉴定的公信力，成为司法鉴定领域目前不得不面对的首要问题之一。本文是在有关学者思想的启发之下，参考国外现有做法，提出以实现司法鉴定标准化为目标，推行司法鉴定行业管理，确立司法鉴定的质量保障体系，用以提升司法鉴定行业威信和鉴定结论的公信力。文中首先对司法鉴定标准化的基本内涵进行了阐释，认为司法鉴定行业发展中司法鉴定标准化具有公正、效率和秩序三个方面的重要理论价值。其次，从科学技术的发展、司法鉴定行业自律和与国际接轨的需要、审判实践的需要三个角度阐明了在我国实行司法鉴定标准化之必要性；并在阐明我国司法鉴定标准设立现状的基础上，着重对司法鉴定现有标准的缺陷问题进行了分析。最后，在比较两大法系司法鉴定体制的基础上，详细地阐明了英国、美国、澳大利亚、日本等国司法鉴定标准设立的情况，并作了简单的分析；提出了在我国司法鉴定标准化进程中应严格遵循客观性、质量控制、科学性、可采性、慎重和统一等原则。在此基础上笔者提出构建我国司法鉴定标准应有的体系，指出我国司法鉴定标准化的实现条件和步骤，并对司法鉴定标准化实现过程中的关注点进行了分析阐述。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of natural science, the role of the appraisal conclusion in the litigation process is increasingly prominent, and is gradually becoming a necessary means for judges to determine the facts of the case. As an independent and special form of evidence, the appraisal conclusion is an important basis for the people's court to find out the facts of the case and determine the nature of the case. It is very important to avoid false and wrong cases. However, due to the outstanding problems existing in the practice of judicial expertise in our country, the scientific, objective and impartial conclusions of the appraisal are affected to a certain extent, which not only increases the difficulty of handling the case, It interferes with the normal conduct of judicial activities and seriously damages the credibility of judicial expertise. How to improve the credibility of judicial expertise has become one of the most important problems in the field of judicial expertise. Inspired by the thoughts of relevant scholars and referring to the existing practices of foreign countries, this paper puts forward the goal of realizing the standardization of judicial expertise, promoting the management of judicial expertise industry, and establishing the quality assurance system of judicial expertise. In order to enhance the credibility of the judicial expertise industry and expertise conclusions. This paper first explains the basic connotation of the standardization of judicial expertise, and holds that the standardization of judicial expertise in the development of forensic expertise industry has important theoretical value in three aspects: fairness, efficiency and order. Secondly, from the development of science and technology, the need of self-discipline of forensic expertise industry and the need to connect with the world, and the need of trial practice, this paper expounds the necessity of carrying out the standardization of judicial expertise in our country. On the basis of expounding the current situation of the establishment of judicial expertise standards in China, the defects of the existing standards are analyzed. Finally, on the basis of comparing the judicial identification system between the two legal systems, this paper expounds in detail the establishment of the judicial identification standards in Britain, the United States, Australia, Japan and other countries, and makes a simple analysis. The principles of objectivity, quality control, science, admissibility, prudence and unity should be strictly followed in the process of standardization of forensic expertise in China. On the basis of this, the author puts forward to construct the system of our country's judicial authentication standard, points out the conditions and steps to realize the standardization of judicial expertise in our country, and analyzes and expounds the attention in the process of realizing the standardization of judicial expertise.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D918.9

【相似文献】