犯罪决策的心理学研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 11:45

本文选题：犯罪心理 + 犯罪决策　；参考：《河南大学》2003年硕士论文

【摘要】： 犯罪是文明社会的公敌，是对社会秩序最严重的蔑视和破坏。正如中国政法大学犯罪学教授魏平雄所说：“我们正在目睹建国以来的第五次犯罪高峰”。所以加强不同于刑法学的犯罪心理学的研究，有着极其重要的意义。一方面可以丰富心理学的理论体系，另一方面可以给预防犯罪、打击犯罪和改造罪犯提供现实的帮助。犯罪决策作为一个独立的心理过程，它产生于犯罪动机之后和犯罪行为实施之前。它包括犯罪与守法的动机取舍、犯罪目标的确立和犯罪手段的选择等。毫无疑问，犯罪决策是犯罪心理学里的一个重要课题。本研究在综述国内外犯罪心理学的研究状况、尤其是犯罪决策的主要研究成果基础上，提出了“理性犯罪决策”的理论假设。该假设认为，对绝大多数罪犯来说，犯罪决策过程是一个深思熟虑的过程。犯罪决策的做出应是“踌躇——选择”的主动操作性的动机行为，，而不是“刺激——反应”的被动反应性的动机行为。然后，从理论假设出发，结合对犯人的访谈，编制了“犯罪决策问卷”，后经专家评审和试测，最终形成正式量表。该量表的a系数和分半信度系数分别达到0.8774和0.8286。最后，以此为工具对450名罪犯进行了测量，并对测量数据进行因素分析和聚类分析。结果表明：（1）影响罪犯做出犯罪决策的因素有四大类，即不良心理因素、犯罪决策的心理评价因素、外部控制因素以及犯罪决策的非理性因素；（2）从道德水平、接受法制教育程度两个角度来考察，不同群体在得分上无显著差异。而在性别、户口所在地两方面，不同群体的测量得分存在显著差异。本研究的最后对艾森克的“犯罪性理论”进行了实证性验证。结果显示，我们的研究结果并不支持该理论。这表明艾森克的“犯罪性理论”确实需要进一步验证或者说当前我国犯罪群体身上并不存在有别于常人的犯罪人格。依据本研究结果，我们建议：（1）要及时发现、转变潜在犯罪人已经形成的不良心理因素使其得以有效的释放而不致于外化为犯罪行为。（2）要加强教育，健全法制，严格管理、执法，最大可能地打破潜在犯罪人的侥幸心理、铤而走险心理。使其清醒地认识到法网恢恢、疏而不漏；（3）完善社会控制体系，堵塞漏洞，不给犯罪分子以可乘之机。
[Abstract]:Crime is the public enemy of civilized society and the most serious contempt and destruction of social order. As Wei Pingxiong, a professor of criminology at China University of political Science and Law, said: "We are witnessing the fifth crime peak since the founding of the people's Republic of China." Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the research of criminal psychology, which is different from criminal law. On the one hand, it can enrich the theoretical system of psychology, on the other hand, it can provide practical help to prevent crime, combat crime and reform criminals. As an independent psychological process, criminal decision-making arises after the motive of crime and before the implementation of criminal behavior. It includes the choice of motive between crime and law-abiding, the establishment of criminal target and the choice of criminal means. There is no doubt that criminal decision-making is an important subject in criminal psychology. On the basis of summarizing the research situation of criminal psychology at home and abroad, especially on the basis of the main research results of crime decision making, this study puts forward the theoretical hypothesis of "rational crime decision making". The assumption is that for the vast majority of criminals, the crime decision-making process is a deliberate process. The decision-making of crime should be the active motive behavior of "hesitancy-choice", but not the passive motivation behavior of "stimulation-reaction". Then, based on the theoretical hypothesis and the interview with the prisoners, a crime decision questionnaire was compiled, which was evaluated and tested by experts and finally formed a formal scale. The a coefficient and split-half reliability coefficient of the scale were 0.8774 and 0.8286 respectively. Finally, 450 criminals were measured with this tool, and the measured data were analyzed by factor analysis and cluster analysis. The result shows that there are four kinds of factors influencing criminals' criminal decision, that is, bad psychological factors, psychological evaluation factors of criminal decision making, external control factors and irrational factors of criminal decision making. There is no significant difference in scores between different groups. However, there were significant differences in measurement scores between different groups in terms of gender and residence location. At the end of this study, Eysenck's theory of crime is verified empirically. The results show that our results do not support the theory. This shows that Eysenck's "crime theory" really needs to be further verified, or that there is no criminal personality different from ordinary people in the current criminal groups in our country. According to the results of this study, we suggest that we should find out in time that it is necessary to change the bad psychological factors already formed by potential criminals so that they can be effectively released without turning them into criminal acts.) We should strengthen education, perfect the legal system, strictly manage and enforce the law. As far as possible to break the potential criminals of luck, desperate psychology. Make it realize clearly that the law is convalescent, sparse but not leaky. (3) perfect the social control system, plug the loopholes, and do not give criminals the opportunity to take advantage of it.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：D917

【引证文献】