刑事诉讼中的重复鉴定研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 01:36

本文选题：司法鉴定 + 重复鉴定　；参考：《南京大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国法治建设的逐步发展,司法鉴定制度的相关立法和管理也日趋完善。2005年通过的《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》(以下简称《决定》)对司法鉴定人、鉴定机构的独立、司法鉴定的范围等司法鉴定领域的空白点都做出了相关规定,在一定程度上对我国司法领域存在的“自侦自鉴”、“自审自鉴”这些问题的解决提供了相应的制度支持。但是,现实生活中仍然出现了部分案件中存在多个鉴定意见,进行重复鉴定等问题。这表明我国的司法鉴定制度的诟病并没有彻底根除。当然,司法鉴定制度中的问题“牵一发而动全身”,不仅要对司法鉴定的程序性问题进行梳理和规定,也与我国的鉴定机构体制相关；同时,这也反映出我们在解决这一问题时忽视了对司法鉴定的理论探索。有感于此,笔者拟在理论层面对鉴定意见做一个梳理,同时强调其性质在司法实践中的重要性；从证据制度、司法实践及鉴定体系对于司法领域重复鉴定问题的原因进行探析,同时借鉴《关于办理(刑案件审查判断证据若干问题的规定》中对死刑案件鉴定意见的审查判断的规定,对解决这一问题提出相应的对策和建议,以期对规范和遏制重复鉴定有所帮助。本文共分四章,全文共三万余字。第一章为问题的提出,首先阐述司法鉴定的概述,从司法鉴定的概念辨析入手,对学术界“司法鉴定”用语之争进行评析,同时区别了“鉴定意见”和“鉴定结论”这两个概念,并肯定“鉴定意见”一词。其次,对重复鉴定的概念及相关概念辨析。通过对我国司法鉴定的历史和现状的分析及国外司法鉴定的制度介绍,引出我国司法鉴定中存在的重复鉴定问题。第二章讨论重复鉴定现象在典型案例中的表现及其影响。通过对八个典型案例中司法鉴定的次数、时间、鉴定机构等进行对比分析,总结重复鉴定现象的特征,进而分析重复鉴定现象产生的负面影响。第三章重点讨论重复鉴定产生的原因,通过对刑事鉴定自身问题的分析、证据制度上的原因探析及程序方面的原因分析来讨论重复鉴定现象在我国司法领域层出不穷的原因。第四章讨论当前我国司法鉴定领域存在的重复鉴定现象的合理性控制措施。分别就司法鉴定管理体制的相关改革、刑事证据制度的完善及相关刑事诉讼程序的改革等方面进行分析。从鉴定管理本身进行制度上的约束,从刑事证据的相关程序上保障司法鉴定在司法领域的运用,最后通过刑事诉讼程序的完善对司法鉴定结论的适用进行规范。
[Abstract]:With the gradual development of the construction of the rule of law in China, The decision of the standing Committee of the National people's Congress on the Administration of Judicial expertise (hereinafter referred to as "the decision"), adopted in 2005, is independent of judicial experts and appraisal institutions. The blank spots in the field of judicial expertise, such as the scope of judicial expertise, have all made relevant provisions, to a certain extent, have provided the corresponding system support for the solution of the problems of "self-investigation and self-examination" and "self-examination self-warning" in the judicial field of our country. However, in real life, there are still some problems in some cases, such as multiple opinions, repeated identification and so on. This shows that the system of judicial expertise in our country has not completely eradicated the denunciation. Of course, the problems in the judicial expertise system "lead to the whole body", not only to sort out and regulate the procedural issues of judicial expertise, but also to relate to the system of our country's appraisal institutions; at the same time, This also reflects that we ignore the theoretical exploration of forensic expertise in solving this problem. In view of this, the author intends to sort out the opinion on the theoretical level, and at the same time emphasize the importance of its nature in the judicial practice, and analyze the reasons for the repeated identification in the judicial field from the evidence system, the judicial practice and the appraisal system. At the same time, drawing lessons from the provisions on handling (some problems concerning the examination and judgment of evidence in criminal cases), the article puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions to solve this problem, by examining and judging the opinions of the death penalty cases. In order to standardize and contain the repeated identification is helpful. This article is divided into four chapters, the full text of more than 30,000 words. The first chapter is the question, first of all, describes the overview of judicial expertise, from the concept of judicial expertise, the academic "judicial expertise" of the controversy of terms are analyzed. At the same time, it distinguishes the two concepts of "appraisal opinion" and "appraisal conclusion", and affirms the word "appraisal opinion". Secondly, the concept of repeated identification and related concepts are analyzed. Based on the analysis of the history and present situation of judicial expertise in China and the introduction of the system of judicial expertise in foreign countries, the problems of repeated identification in judicial expertise in China are brought forward. The second chapter discusses the performance and influence of repeated identification in typical cases. Through comparative analysis of the number, time and organization of forensic identification in eight typical cases, the characteristics of repeated identification are summarized, and the negative effects of repeated identification are analyzed. The third chapter focuses on the causes of repeated identification, through the analysis of the problems of criminal identification itself, the analysis of the reasons of evidence system and the reasons of procedure to discuss the causes of repeated identification phenomenon in the judicial field of our country. Chapter four discusses the rational control measures of repeated identification in the field of forensic expertise in China. This paper analyzes the relevant reform of the administrative system of forensic expertise, the perfection of the criminal evidence system and the reform of the relevant criminal procedure. From the appraisal management itself carries on the system restraint, from the criminal evidence correlation procedure guarantees the judicial appraisal in the judicial domain application, finally through the criminal procedure consummation to the judicial appraisal conclusion application standard.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D918.9;D925.2

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