萨瑟兰不同交往理论研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 13:26

本文选题：萨瑟兰 + 不同交往理论　；参考：《湘潭大学》2004年硕士论文

【摘要】：萨瑟兰的“不同交往理论”在美国犯罪学史上具有很高的地位。这个理论首次完全从社会学的角度阐明犯罪原因,并试图通过一个核心概念来解释所有犯罪,因此得到了广泛的关注。不同交往理论包括两个部分:微观部分关注的是个体为何犯罪的问题;宏观部分关注的是“不同社会组织”在犯罪中的作用。总体上,这个理论意欲表达是:由于社会解组(失范)出现了不同社会组织,形成不同的行为规范,遵循非主流规范行为的人,在接触与交往过程中学会了违法乃至犯罪,并且之后更倾向于接受赞同违法和犯罪行为。所有的犯罪本质上都基于这样的过程而产生的。但是,这个理论的微观部分的证明存在缺陷,它本质上是不可证伪的;经验研究观察到的是这个过程的结果而非原因本身;这个理论的微观部分也不能提供给我们多少政策上的建议。这个理论的宏观部分给我们的启示是:考虑如何从社会各方面找到导致社会“失范”的具体因素,从细微处入手,着眼于情境预防,通过各种社会政策性安排,解决与导致犯罪有关的社会结构问题,以达到整体上控制犯罪的目的。由于控制犯罪的各种社会措施必然涉及其他社会问题,我们采取的措施必须考虑可接受的社会成本,并且在其中取得某种平衡。最后,为了实现控制犯罪的目的,我们也许并不需要急于追求一个统一的,能解释一切犯罪的宏大理论。
[Abstract]:Sutherland's Theory of different Communication has a high position in the history of American criminology. This theory, for the first time, clarifies the causes of crime from the angle of sociology, and attempts to explain all crimes by a core concept, so it has been paid more and more attention. Different communication theories include two parts: the microscopic part focuses on the question of why the individual commits a crime, and the macro part focuses on the role of "different social organizations" in the crime. In general, this theory is expressed as: because of the emergence of different social organizations, the formation of different norms of conduct, and the following of non-mainstream normative behaviors, people who have learned to violate the law and even commit crimes in the process of contact and communication. And then more inclined to accept the favor of illegal and criminal behavior. All crimes are essentially based on such a process. However, the proof of the microscopic part of this theory is flawed, it is essentially indisputable, the empirical study observes the result of the process rather than the cause itself. The micro-section of this theory does not offer us much policy advice. What the macroscopic part of this theory gives us is to consider how to find out the specific factors that lead to social "anomie" from all aspects of society, starting with nuances, focusing on situational prevention, and through various social policy arrangements. Solve the problem of social structure related to crime, so as to control the crime as a whole. Since social measures to control crime necessarily involve other social problems, the measures we take must take into account acceptable social costs and strike a certain balance among them. Finally, in order to control crime, we may not need to rush for a unified grand theory that explains all crime.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D917

【引证文献】