中国劳动教养制度的研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 07:47

本文选题：中国劳动教养制度 + 存在问题　；参考：《华东师范大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 中国劳动教养制度是根据马克思主义关于无产阶级改造社会、改造人类的基本原理，结合中国革命和建设的具体实际而进行的一项基本政策实践。这一制度的核心内容和根本任务是改造人、挽救人、教育人。劳动教养制度作为中国特有的一种司法行政制度，从20世纪50年代建立至今已经存在了五十余年。在中国劳动教养制度走过的五十多年风雨历程里，尽管其性质随着收容对象的变化有所改变，但是劳动教养“教育人、感化人、挽救人”的宗旨始终未变。作为社会主义中国法律制度的一个伟大创举，劳动教养制度在维护社会秩序和预防减少违法犯罪方面发挥了一定的积极作用，打击、教育、挽救了大批有轻微违法犯罪行为的失足者，取得了举世瞩目的伟大成就。中国的劳动教养制度，功不可没。但是，随着中国社会的发展变化，劳动教养制度也出现了一些问题。例如：劳动教养制度合法性的欠缺；劳动教养制度的执法主体监督机制的欠缺；劳动教养的程序正义性的欠缺；劳动教养制度适用范围肆意性、适用对象法定性的欠缺；劳动教养制度的处罚期限长期化、处罚强度适当性的欠缺等等。劳动教养制度作为中国特有的一种法律制度，虽然在当今法治日益健全的社会中存在缺陷和不足，但仍具有自身存在的价值和意义。目前，，全国人大常委会正在制订《轻微犯罪矫治法》，该法的出台将使劳动教养制度得到完善。本文通过中国对劳动教养制度的概念、法律根据、性质和宗旨、劳动教养的对象和范围等方面加以阐述，同时也对劳动教养存在的弊端进行探讨，从法理角度、实践角度和借鉴国(境)外保安制度的角度提出完善劳动教养制度的建议。不论中国的劳动教养制度最终如何完善，希望通过本文的研究使劳动教养制度能更好地服务于中国的改革开放、现代化建设及创建和谐社会起到一定的积极作用。本论文的特色之一，在于选题具有一定的前沿性。论文针对中国当前社会发展中的热点问题——如何完善劳动教养制度进行研究和分析。鉴于本课题研究在国内学术界尚属十分薄弱领域，无论从理论研究还是从对策研究方面都存在较大难度。因而，本项研究的选题具有较为明显的创新意义。本论文的特色之二，在于研究成果的实证性和对策性，因而具有较强的现实意义。论文通过对劳动教养制度存在的问题和弊端及与国外相关制度的分析比较，从如何借鉴国外的经验和立足于中国的实际对进一步完善劳动教养制度提出较具可行性与操作性的对策建议，可提供给相关政府部门作为决策咨询和参考。本论文的框架结构如下：第一章介绍了问题的提出与选题宗旨、研究背景与研究现状、研究内容与方法、论文特点及创新之处，并且对中国劳动教养制度相关的一些概念作出界定。第二章首先介绍了中国劳动教养制度的形成背景作分析，接着对这一制度的发展历程作了阐述。1955年8月至1957年8月为劳动教养制度的创办阶段；1957年8月至1966年5月为劳动教养制度的大办阶段；1966年5月至1976年10月为劳动教养工作的遭破坏阶段；1976年10月以来为劳动教养工作的恢复和改革发展阶段。这一章还对中国劳动教养制度发展各阶段的主要特征及其演变作了分析。第三章着重描述中国劳动教养制度的发展现状，对中国劳动教养制度的法律依据、收容对象和范围及其多重作用作了阐述，并且从司法角度和行政管理层面对国劳动教养制度当前存在的问题及其原因作了分析。第四章对国(境)外保安处分制度的类型、对象和特点作评述，并且分析比较了中国劳动教养制度与国(境)外保安处分制度的共性与差异，力图得出对中国发展劳动教养制度的有益借鉴。第五章首先从以下三个方面对当前亟需完善中国劳动教养制度的必要性作了理论评析：健全中国的司法行政制度以推动依法行政；维护劳动教养人员的合法权益以促进和谐社会的建立；消除劳动教养制度在国际上的负面影响以展示中国的法制文明。其次，提出了从法理和实践两个角度进一步完善中国劳动教养制度的路径，并就完善中国劳动教养制度提出了具体的对策性建议。
[Abstract]:The system of reeducation through labor in China is based on the basic principles of the Marx doctrine on the transformation of the proletariat's society, the transformation of the basic principles of human beings and the concrete practice of the Chinese revolution and construction. The core content and fundamental task of this system are to remould people, save people and educate people. The system of reeducation through labor is a unique China. A judicial administrative system has existed for more than fifty years since it was established in 1950s. In the more than 50 years' course of the system of reeducation through labor in China, although its nature has changed with the change of the object of collection, the tenet of "educating people, changing people and saving people" has never changed. A great initiative of the Chinese legal system, the system of reeducation through labor has played a certain positive role in maintaining social order and preventing the reduction of illegal crimes. The attack and education have saved a large number of minor offenders who have minor offenses and have made great achievements in the world. The system of reeducation through labor in China is indispensable.
However, with the development and change of Chinese society, there are some problems in the system of reeducation through labor. For example, the lack of legality of the system of reeducation through labor, the lack of supervision mechanism of the main body of law enforcement in the system of labor reeducation, the lack of procedural justice in reeducation through labor, the wanton scope of the application of the system of reeducation through labor, and the legal deficiency of the applicable objects. Lack; the term of punishment for the system of reeducation through labor, the lack of appropriateness of punishment intensity and so on. The system of reeducation through labor, as a special legal system in China, still has its own existence value and significance although it has defects and deficiencies in today's increasingly sound society. At present, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress is working out the light of "light". With the introduction of the law of micro crime, the introduction of this law will make the system of reeducation through labor perfect. This article expounds the concept, legal basis, nature and purpose of the system of reeducation through labor, the object and scope of the reeducation through labor system in China, and also discusses the disadvantages of the reeducation through labor, from the perspective of jurisprudence, the practical angle and the reference of the country. The suggestion of improving the system of reeducation through labor is put forward. No matter how the system of reeducation through labor in China is finally perfected, it is hoped that through this study, the system of reeducation through labor will serve China's reform and opening up better, the construction of modernization and the creation of a harmonious society play a positive role.
One of the characteristics of this paper is that the topic has a certain frontier. This paper studies and analyzes the hot issues in the current social development in China - how to improve the system of reeducation through labor. Therefore, the topic of this study has a more obvious innovation significance. The two characteristic of this paper is the positive and Countermeasure of the research results, so it has a strong practical significance. The paper compares the problems and disadvantages of the reeducation through labor system and the analysis of the related system abroad, and how to learn from the foreign classics. It can be provided to relevant government departments as a decision consultation and reference for the further improvement of the system of reeducation through labor in China.
The framework of this paper is as follows:
The first chapter introduces the issue and the purpose of the topic, the research background and research status, the research contents and methods, the characteristics and innovation of the paper, and defines some concepts related to the system of reeducation through labor in China.
The second chapter first introduces the background of the formation of the system of reeducation through labor in China, and then expounds the development of the system, and expounds the establishment stage of the reeducation through labor system from August to August 1957.1955, the large stage of the reeducation system of labor from August 1957 to May 1966, and the reeducation for labor from May 1966 to October 1976. The stage of destruction; the recovery and reform and development stage of reeducation through labor since October 1976. This chapter also analyzes the main features and evolution of the development of the system of reeducation through labor in China.
The third chapter describes the present situation of the development of the system of reeducation through labor in China, expounds the legal basis of the system of reeducation through labor in China, the object and scope of the reeducation and its multiple functions, and analyses the existing problems and causes of the system of reeducation through labor from the judicial and administrative levels.
The fourth chapter reviews the types, objects and characteristics of the security disposition system outside the state (border), and compares the similarities and differences between China's system of reeducation through labor and the security punishment system outside the state (border), and tries to draw a useful reference for the development of the system of reeducation through labor in China.
The fifth chapter makes a theoretical analysis of the necessity of perfecting the system of reeducation through labor in China from the following three aspects: to improve the judicial administrative system in China in order to promote the administration according to law; to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the personnel of the reeducation of labor in order to promote the establishment of a harmonious society; and to eliminate the negative influence of the system of reeducation through labor in the world The legal civilization of China is displayed. Secondly, the path of further perfecting the system of reeducation through labor in China from two aspects of jurisprudence and practice is put forward, and some concrete countermeasures are put forward to improve the system of reeducation through labor in China.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D926.8

【引证文献】