我国劳动教养制度的改革和完善

发布时间：2018-05-25 19:19

本文选题：劳动教养 + 刑罚　；参考：《湖南大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 劳动教养作为有中国特色的法律制度,在感化人、教育人方面起到了重要的作用。作为一种限制人生自由的法律制度,立法机关虽制定和颁布过一些有关劳动教养的法规,但至今却没有制定出一部完整统一的劳动教养法,劳动教养的地位和性质至今没有相应的法律明确,仅靠行政规章来界定。这与《立法法》、《行政处罚法》、《公民政治与社会权利公约》的规定相冲突。劳动教养制度在实际运作彰显出诸多弊病。因此,必须改革和完善劳动教养制度,以实现依法治国和权力制约,保障劳动教养人员的合法权益,切实保障我国人权。我国劳动教养制度最早可追溯至西周时期,但于新中国成立之初确定下来,以收容、改造旧中国遗留下来的游民、乞丐、妓女等。1957年国务院公布的《关于劳动教养问题的决定》是我国第一部劳动教养法规,对劳动教养适用的对象和范围以及审批程序作了具体规定。1982年的《劳动教养试行办法》对劳动教养的具体实施作了详细规定。依据这些法律,我国劳动教养既具有教育改造功能,又具有行政处罚功能,这使得其定性不明确。目前,我国劳动教养制度存在的不足是显然易见的,其不足之处体现在三个方面。一是劳动教养制度的法律依据不充分,如劳动教养制度没有法律上的依据,与我国其他法律制度存在较大冲突,与我国加入的国际公约相冲突。二是劳动教养制度定性不明确,如劳动教养作为限制人身自由的制度应是纳入刑罚还是治安处分,或是作为独立的责任形式存在,是相当不明确的。三是劳动教养的法律监督机制不完善,如劳动教养在公安机关内部实行同级复议制;检察机关对劳动教养的监督范围不明确;有关劳动教养的审判监督渠道不畅。为此,必须对劳动教养制度进行改革和完善。改革和完善劳动教育制度意味着要保留它,因为其教育、感化功能、现行刑法存在的结构性缺陷、刑罚与治安行政处罚缺乏承上启下的责任形式以及犯罪消灭后仍需要对人格进行矫正的手段,决定了应予以保留。改革和完善劳动教养制度,应以借鉴保安处分的个别化原则和人身危险性理念,以司法独立的法治理念为基础进行。改革后的劳动教养制度在地域效力上应具有普适性;应体现个别化原则,针对行为人的人身危险性程度区别设定管教期限;应设定追诉时效制度。具体程序模式架构可以借鉴英国的治安法院模式,在基层法院内设置治安法庭专门审理劳动教养案件;人民检察院对劳动教养案件有审查监督权,并确定劳动教养案件的程序原则,保障保护劳动教养人员的权利。
[Abstract]:As a legal system with Chinese characteristics , the reeducation through labor plays an important role in the sense of people and educating people . As a legal system to limit the freedom of life , the legislature has not established a complete and unified law of reeducation through labour . However , it has not established a complete unified labor education law . The status and nature of the reeducation through labor has not been clearly defined by administrative regulations . Therefore , it is necessary to reform and perfect the system of reeducation through labor , so as to realize the rule of law and the power restriction , safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the labor and education personnel , and guarantee the human rights of our country effectively .

China ' s reeducation - through - reeducation system can be traced back to the Western Zhou Dynasty , but it was established in the beginning of the founding of New China to accommodate and transform the nomadic people , beggar , prostitute , etc .

At present , the shortage of the system of reeducation through labor in our country is obviously easy to see , its deficiency is reflected in three aspects . First , the legal basis of the system of reeducation through labor is insufficient , such as the system of reeducation through labor has no legal basis , and there is a conflict with other international conventions .

The reform and improvement of the system of labor education means that it is necessary to retain it because of its educational and probation functions , the structural defects existing in the existing criminal law , the lack of the obligation of punishment and the administrative punishment of public security and the need to correct the personality .
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D926.8

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