受贿犯罪的预防对策研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 03:22

本文选题：受贿犯罪 + 预防　；参考：《湖南大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 受贿犯罪是指国家工作人员利用职务上的便利,索取他人财物,或者非法收受他人财物,为他人谋取利益的行为。该罪的犯罪客体是国家工作人员的职务廉洁性;本罪的客观方面表现为利用职务上的便利,索取他人财物或者非法收受他人财物,为他人谋取利益的行为;本罪的主体是特殊主体,行为人具有法定的特殊身份,必须是国家工作人员,无此特殊身份的人,只可能构成受贿罪的共犯。受贿罪的主观方面是直接故意。间接故意或过失不能构成受贿罪。受贿犯罪的这些要件使得其与贪污罪、公司、企业人员受贿罪以及敲诈勒索罪存在根本不同的界限。随着我国改革开放的深入发展,社会转型时期人们原有的价值观念经受不起市场经济行为的冲击,新旧体制的交替使得规范体系不够严密,贿赂犯罪也日益蔓延。当前,受贿犯罪呈现出明显不同以前的特征。第一,犯罪主体上不同年龄阶段广泛发生,尤其是青年犯罪比较突出,受贿犯罪主体中地位较高的官员犯罪呈上升趋势。第二,受贿犯罪行为上的特点是在受贿时往往伴有性行为。第三,受贿犯罪形式和手段上,受贿形式隐蔽,作案手段狡猾。第四,犯罪领域上,金融、建筑、交通、国土等领域受贿犯罪仍然居高不下;教育、医疗成了“重灾区”以及由经济领域向政治领域、司法领域扩散。第五,受贿犯罪案值上,单笔受贿数额越来越大;受贿金额在一千万元以上的案件呈上升趋势。我国受贿犯罪高发的原因很多,但主要在于:政治体制改革不完善导致权力分配、行使不科学;人事法律制度欠科学,缺乏透明度;经济法律未保障一个公平的竞争环境,如市场主体的法律地位不平等,法律对资源的配置未保障充分、公平的竞争;现行预防受贿犯罪相关立法滞后,存在疏漏,如财产申报等廉政法律制度不健全、公民的举报制度不健全、现行有关监督的法律规定偏重于事后性监督、受贿罪立法体系不完整不能涵盖大量变相的受贿罪。因此,为了有效预防受贿犯罪,我们必须深化改革,完善权力的分配和行使,形成权力制衡格局;完善人事制度改革;完善资源配置、公平竞争的法律制度;完善财产申报等预防受贿犯罪的相关立法;借鉴我国历史上和国外预防受贿犯罪的经验。
[Abstract]:The crime of bribery refers to the state functionary who takes advantage of his position to obtain other people's property, or illegally accepts other people's property to seek benefits for others. The object of the crime is the official integrity of the state functionary, and the objective aspect of the crime is the act of taking advantage of the convenience of duty, soliciting other people's property or illegally accepting other people's property, in order to obtain benefits for others; The subject of this crime is a special subject, and the perpetrator has a special legal status and must be a national functionary. The person without this special status can only constitute an accomplice of the crime of accepting bribes. The subjective aspect of bribery crime is direct intention. Indirect intent or negligence cannot constitute the crime of accepting bribes. These elements of bribery make it fundamentally different from corruption, corporate, corporate bribery and extortion. With the deepening development of China's reform and opening up, people's original values cannot withstand the impact of market economic behavior in the period of social transformation. The replacement of new and old systems makes the normative system not strict enough, and the crime of bribery is spreading day by day. At present, the crime of bribery is obviously different from the previous characteristics. First, the crime subject on different ages widely occurred, especially the youth crime is more prominent, bribery crime subject in the higher status of the official crime is on the rise. Second, bribery crime is characterized by sexual behavior when accepting bribes. Third, the form and means of bribery crime, the form of bribery hidden, criminal means cunning. Fourth, the crime field, finance, construction, transportation, land and other areas of bribery crime is still high; education, medical treatment has become a "disaster area" and from the economic field to the political field, the judicial field spread. Fifth, in the case of bribery, the amount of single bribery is increasing, and the amount of bribery above 10 million yuan is on the rise. There are many reasons for the high incidence of bribery in our country, but the main reasons are: the imperfect reform of the political system leads to the distribution of power and the unscientific exercise of power; the personnel legal system is unscientific and lacks transparency; the economic law does not guarantee a level playing field. For example, the legal status of the main body of the market is not equal, the allocation of resources by law is not enough, fair competition is not guaranteed, the current legislation on the prevention of bribery crime is lagging behind, there are omissions, such as property declaration and other incorruptible legal system is not perfect, The reporting system of citizens is not perfect, the existing supervision laws focus on ex post supervision, and the legislation system of bribery crime can not cover a large number of disguised bribery crimes. Therefore, in order to effectively prevent the crime of bribery, we must deepen the reform, perfect the distribution and exercise of power, form the pattern of power balance, perfect the reform of personnel system, perfect the legal system of resource allocation and fair competition. Improve property declaration and other relevant legislation to prevent bribery crime; learn from the history of our country and foreign experience in the prevention of bribery crime.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D917.6

【参考文献】