商业贿赂犯罪及其防范对策的跨学科分析

发布时间：2018-05-31 18:45

本文选题：商业贿赂 + 跨学科分析　；参考：《山东大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 随着经济的发展和改革开放的进行,我国经济体制的模式和结构发生了重大变化,发生在经济领域和商业活动中的商业贿赂(包括商业违法行为和商业犯罪行为)日益增多,滋生了犯罪和腐败,严重的破坏了公平合理的社会主义竞争制度,发展为严峻的法律和社会问题,成为贿赂的最主要形式。这不只是中国的特产,也是世界性的难题,国际范围内对商业贿赂进行了详尽的定义和规制,最为引人注目的是《联合国反腐败公约》;在国内,仅仅是作为单行刑法的《中华人民共和国反不正当竞争法》和其他行政规章对商业贿赂进行了粗略的规定。学者们的定义则林林总总的角度不一。从对以上问题的研究上,本文认为商业贿赂的概念应该是:在商业及相关经济活动中,经营者(包括其职工)以排斥竞争对手获得优势竞争地位为目的,为使自己在销售、购买商品或提供服务等业务活动中获利,而采取的向足以影响交易的国家工作人员或交易相对人私下暗中提供或许诺提供某种利益,从而实现不正当竞争的权钱交易行为。与一般商业贿赂违法行为相比,商业贿赂犯罪无论是在主观恶性程度,还是在社会危害方面,都要严重的多。对商业贿赂犯罪构成要件的分析,可以最科学的体现定罪地功能,实现打击犯罪的目的。商业贿赂的客体应当是由基本客体和选择性客体组成地复杂性客体,基本客体就是公平合理的社会主义市场经济秩序,而选择性客体一是国家工作人员职务的廉洁性;二是正常活动或公私财产所有权。商业贿赂犯罪的主体复杂多样,包括了几乎所有的主体类型。勿庸置疑,直接故意显然是商业贿赂犯罪的主观方面特征。在客观方面上,针对作为商业贿赂犯罪中的动力学因素──即"权"和"钱",本文进行了重点的研究和分析。摸清犯罪的成因无疑是找到了开门的钥匙。依犯罪原因二元论的观点,本文运用跨学科多角度分析地方法,通过对商业贿赂犯罪成因的多学科分析,力图明晰其社会和个人原因。具体包括以下内容:1、在法经济学基本理论(如寻租、经济人、成本──收益分析)的框架下,剖析商业贿赂犯罪的根源;2、在社会学和社会心理学的层面上,以对社会个体、社会群体、个体与群体的互动关系展开论述;3、从侦查学角度分析犯罪人实施犯罪的原因。几组对商业贿赂的调查数字可以说明此类犯罪目前在我国的极端严重,几乎存在于涉及商品交易和经济往来中每个行业和领域。其危害是不容低估的,在政治上、经济上、国际影响上都带来一系列的负面效应。同时,商业贿赂犯罪又有其自身规律和特点:行业和领域特点清晰,牵涉面大,随意性强,呈动态趋势,犯罪现象不断翻新。反商业贿赂犯罪的实践,暴露出我国现阶段无论是在法律层面还是在制度层面上的缺陷,直接影响着打击商业贿赂犯罪的成效,影响着未来对商业贿赂犯罪现象的预防和控制效果:在法律层面──立法上主要存在着犯罪主体范围小,贿赂物的外延窄和对行贿犯罪的规定不完善等问题;执法上存在执法主体多,不利于集中社会资源,节约司法成本。检察机关在查处商业贿赂犯罪案件中监督力度不够,只注重大、要案查处,惩治随意性大,认定自首多,同罪不同罚等多种问题。制度层面上,主要体现在国家权力过度干预市场,地方保护主义成为保护伞,制度形同虚设,致使打击商业贿赂犯罪乏力。针对上述缺陷,本文也从法律和制度两方面提出对策构想。在法律方面,专门立法,尽快制定《反商业贿赂法》,剖析立法背景,提出确定原则和基本内容,同时设定商业贿赂罪罪名,并对商业贿赂罪罪状表述、刑事责任予以论述。在制度对策上,应从预防制度和教育制度上下手,尤其是防患于未然,以加强商业贿赂预防制度为核心,重点搞好社会预防和司法预防,围绕社会主义价值体系教育建设,培养健康的商业文化,进行"阳光财富观"教育,使商业贿赂犯罪最终消亡。
[Abstract]:With the development of the economy and the reform and opening up, the mode and structure of our economic system have changed greatly. The increasing number of commercial bribery (including commercial illegal behavior and commercial crime) in the economic and commercial activities has caused crime and corruption, and seriously damaged the fair and reasonable socialist competition system. It has become the most important form of bribery. It is not only a special product of China, but also a worldwide problem. In the international scope, commercial bribery has been defined and regulated in detail. The most notable is the United Nations Convention against corruption; in China, it is only the Chinese people as a single criminal law. In the study of the above problems, the concept of commercial bribery should be: in business and related economic activities, the battalion (including its staff) is excluded from the competitors in the business and related economic activities. The purpose of competitive position is to make a profit in the business activities such as selling, buying goods or providing services, and taking the right and money transaction to provide or promise some interests in private or promise to the national staff or the counterpart of the transaction in private, so as to realize the unfair competition.
Compared with the illegal acts of commercial bribery, commercial bribery crime is much more serious in both subjective and social harm. The analysis of the constitutive requirements of commercial bribery crime can most scientifically reflect the function of convictions and realize the goal of combating crime. The object of commercial bribery should be the basic object and selection. The choice object consists of the complex object, the basic object is the fair and reasonable socialist market economic order, and the selective object is the integrity of the duty of the state staff; the two is the normal activity or the ownership of the public and private property. The subject of commercial bribery crime is complex and diverse, including almost all the main types of the subject. The intention is obviously the subjective feature of the commercial bribery crime. In the objective aspect, this paper focuses on the research and analysis of the dynamic factors in the crime of commercial bribery, namely, "right" and "money".
To find out the cause of the crime is undoubtedly the key to the opening of the door. According to the dualism of the cause of the crime, this article tries to clarify its social and personal reasons by multidisciplinary analysis of interdisciplinary and multi angle analysis and through the multidisciplinary analysis of the causes of commercial bribery crime. The following contents are as follows: 1, in the basic theory of law and Economics (such as rent-seeking, economic man, Under the framework of cost income analysis, the root of commercial bribery crime is analyzed. 2, in the sociological and social psychology level, the interaction relationship between the social individual, the social group, the individual and the group is discussed. 3, the reasons for the crime committed by the criminal are analyzed from the angle of investigation.
Several groups of survey figures on commercial bribery show that this kind of crime is extremely serious in our country. It almost exists in every industry and field involved in commodity trading and economic exchanges. Its harm is not to be underestimated. It has a negative effect on political, economic and international effects. Meanwhile, commercial bribery crime has its own. Its own laws and characteristics: the characteristics of the industry and the domain are clear, involving large areas, arbitrariness, dynamic trend, and constantly improving the crime.
The practice of anti commercial bribery exposes the defects in the legal and institutional aspects of our country at the present stage, which directly affects the effectiveness of Combating Commercial Bribery Crime and affects the prevention and control effect of future commercial bribery crime. In the legal level, the main body of the crime is small, bribery. The extension of bribery is narrow and the regulations on bribery crime are not perfect. There are many law enforcement bodies in law enforcement, which are not conducive to the concentration of social resources and the cost of judicature. The procuratorial organs are not enough to supervise the cases of commercial bribery crimes. On the system level, it is mainly reflected in the excessive intervention of the state power in the market, the local protectionism is a protection umbrella, the system is empty, and the crime of combating commercial bribery is weak. In view of the above defects, this paper also puts forward the countermeasures from two aspects of law and system. The legislative background, set up the principle and the basic content, set the crime of commercial bribery crime, and discuss the crime statement of commercial bribery crime and criminal responsibility. In the system countermeasures, we should pay attention to the prevention system and the educational system, especially the prevention and prevention, in order to strengthen the commercial bribery prevention system as the core, and focus on the social prevention and the emphasis. Judicial prevention should focus on the construction of socialist value system, cultivate healthy business culture, and carry out the education of "sunshine wealth view", so that commercial bribery crimes will eventually die out.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D917.6

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