性犯罪的社会伦理研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 20:54

本文选题：性犯罪 + 社会　；参考：《西南政法大学》2004年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文试图从社会伦理角度研究有关性犯罪，笔者并不局限于刑法本身的领域，而是着眼于性犯罪的社会历史及社会影响，性犯罪与性道德关系来考察。由于性犯罪规范有着深刻的历史渊源，作者不得不关注历史上的性道德与性犯罪，试图发现它们之间的联系和继续发生的影响，并在此基础上对我国目前的性犯罪规范给予评述。需要说明的是，作者在论述过程中为拓宽视野，增强说服力，借鉴了人类学、心理学等其它学科的理论成果。全文共分四部分，内容提要如下：在第一部分，作者考察了原始初民时期的性规范，得出下面的观点：1、乱伦禁忌是最早的、具有本能特点的性道德规范。2、与原始宗教和性崇拜相联系的性禁忌还不是实质意义上的性法律，而是道德、宗教、法律规范的混合体。3、在家庭出现后，男女之间的性关系受到天然的性嫉妒情感的约束，倾向于一夫一妻制。但是，少数地位高的男人拥有多个妻子，女性的性行为已受到夫权的限制。第二部论述了国家政权出现后和在宗教影响下的性规范。在这个阶段，国家政权使夫权进一步扩张，对女子的性规范的要求也更为严格。而男人则更加放纵，一夫多妻制和娼妓业逐渐兴起，女子的身心受到严酷禁锢。另一方面，一些性规范上升为严格意义上的性法律，乱伦罪的设定是为了维护人们社会角色的稳定和人类的繁衍、供给制度。通奸罪和强奸罪不仅破坏了人们的婚姻和亲属制度，而且被认为是对男人利益的侵犯。系统宗教为了使人们完全运用理性参悟宗教教义，为了把人们的激情引向所谓神圣的目标而采用禁欲主义。在政教合一的国家，性道德与相关法律规范已经融为一体，这些国家进一步干涉人们的性行为，甚至于人们的婚内性行为，并极端憎恶、禁止非常态性行为。第三部分是对工业革命后人们的性规范的概述。在这个阶段，传统的性道德逐渐崩溃，各种性观念、性道德互相冲突、互相交织。女性的独立自主的性意识、开放的性观念是其主流。作者还分析了这种现象的政治、科技、文化等原因。这个时期的性犯罪规范呈现人性化趋势，主要表现为对非常态性行为(如同性恋)的理解和宽容。强奸罪的内涵也从原来的认为是侵犯男人的尊严转变为是侵犯了女性独立的人格和性自由。通过对性道德规范和性犯罪界限历史演变的考察，笔者发现下面一些特点:首先，基于生物性特征及差异的人类本性是性规范的形成和演变的基础。乱伦一直是人类社会严厉禁止的具有本能特点的禁忌;男女性规范的不平等的本初起源是男女生理的差异;而工业革命后的性规范的巨大变化不妨看作是人类尤其是女性在性本能方面的一种自然回归。其次，物质生活条件在这种演变过程中起着决定作用。私有制出现后，正是男女之问在社会物质财富占有上的不平等导致了男人性需求的不合理膨胀。相反，女人的性行为、性心理则走向了萎缩和压抑。再次，权力塑造了人们的灵魂，使有关性的思想意识根深蒂固。权力把外在的物质生活条件的因素变成了的灵魂深处的精神枷锁。第四部分是全文的重点，作者在本部分对我国主要的性犯罪规范进行了分析: 1、强奸罪和强制、狠裹、侮辱妇女罪。笔者认为对强奸罪的认定应以是否违背妇女的意志为根本出发点。由于具体情况非常复杂，作者仅提出几个应注意的问题。①认定强奸罪不能以受害妇女是否反抗作为必要条件;②第一次违背妇女意志，女方事后没有告发，并又多次自愿与男方发生性关系的，不应定强奸罪;③由于男性天生的性进攻本能和女性有意无意的性引诱因素，不能对强奸罪处罚过重。作者还对婚内强奸的问题进行亦退，认为基于男女性差异的事实和理性的法律不宜涉及个人情感领域的原因，不宜肯定婚内强奸的存在。对于强制狠衰、侮辱妇女中的鸡奸行为和强制口交行为，作者认为应纳入强奸罪的范畴。 2、组织、强迫、引诱、容留、介绍卖淫罪。首先，作者主张不应对组织、容留、介绍卖淫者定罪处罚，因为他们仅是中介人。对他们处罚既是本末倒置的行为，又不符合公平正义;应保留强迫卖淫罪。其次，作者针对有人提出在中国实行卖淫合法化的问题，，认为由于我国贫富悬殊过大和受传统的性道德观念影响，不宜设立“红灯区”。 3、制作、贩卖、传播淫秽物品罪人们普遍认为淫秽品会给人造成不利影响:淫秽品内容侮辱了女性的人身、人格;使人养成低级趣味;导致青少年性犯罪的上升。作者运用事实材料对上述观点进行了批驳，认为从人了门需要色情品和维护法律尊严的角度出发，可以实行淫秽品的合法化。通过对我国性犯罪规范的批判分析，作者认为我们的性法律规范有明显的道德化倾向，而这个问题也是世界各国都存在的问题。其根本原因是法律的制定和推行容易受到州门普遍的道德情感的影响。作者建议法律应着眼于调整物质利益关系，尽量避免涉及道德情感。在各种价值观念相互交织、冲突的今天，法律应有一种超脱的态度，这样才能更加强劲有力。
[Abstract]:This article tries to study sexual crime from the angle of social ethics. The author is not limited to the field of criminal law itself, but focuses on the social history and social influence of sexual crime, sexual crime and sexual morality. The author has to pay attention to sexual morality and sex crimes in history. The graph finds the relationship between them and the influence of the continued occurrence, and gives a review of the current norms of sexual crime in our country. It is necessary to explain that the author is in the process of discussing to broaden the field of vision, enhance the persuasiveness, and draw on the theoretical results of other subjects such as anthropology and psychology.
The full text is divided into four parts, and the contents are as follows:
In the first part, the author examines the sexual norms of the primitive early people period and draws the following points: 1, the incest taboo is the earliest, the sexual moral standard.2 with instinctive characteristics, and the sexual taboo associated with the primitive religion and sex worship is not the substantive law, but the mixture of moral, religious, legal norms,.3, and the appearance of the family. After that, sexual relations between men and women are constrained by natural sexual jealousy and tend to monogamy. However, a few men with high status have more than one wife, and women's sexual behavior has been restricted by the rights of their husband.
The second part discussed the sexual norms after the emergence of state power and the influence of religion. At this stage, the state power extended the rights of the husband further and had more strict requirements for women's sexual norms. While men were more indulgent, polygamy and prostitution began to rise, women's body and mind were severely restricted. On the other hand, some sexual norms. Up to the strict sexual law, incest is set to maintain the stability of the social role and the human reproduction, the supply system. The crime of adultery and rape not only undermines people's marriage and kinship system, but also is considered to be a violation of the interests of men.
In order to make people fully use reason to understand religious doctrines, system religion adopts asceticism in order to lead people's passion to the so-called sacred goal. In a state of political unity, sexual morality and related legal norms have become integrated, and these countries are further interfering with people's sexual behavior, even in people's marital sexual behavior. Abhor, prohibition of undesirable behavior.
The third part is an overview of the people's sexual norms after the industrial revolution. In this stage, the traditional sexual morality is gradually collapsing, all kinds of sexual ideas, sexual morality are conflicting and intertwined. Women's independent sexual consciousness and open sex are the mainstream. The author also analyzes the political, scientific, cultural and other reasons of this phenomenon. The standard of sexual crime presents a humanized trend, which is mainly manifested in the understanding and tolerance of the very state of sexual behavior (such as homosexuality). The connotation of the crime of rape has also changed from the original thought that the dignity of the man was violated to the independent personality and sexual freedom of women.
By examining the historical evolution of sexual ethics and sexual delinquency, I find some of the following
Characteristics: first, human nature based on biological characteristics and differences is the formation and evolution of sexual norms.
Incest has always been a taboo with strict instincts forbidden by human society.
The original origin of inequality is the physiological difference between men and women; and the great changes in sexual norms after the industrial revolution.
Chemistry can be regarded as a natural return of human beings, especially women, in sexual instincts. Secondly, matter.
Living conditions play a decisive role in this evolution. After the emergence of private ownership, it is the question of men and women.
Inequality in the possession of material wealth leads to the unreasonable expansion of men's sexual needs.
Women's sexual behavior and sexual psychology tend to shrink and suppress. Once again, power shapes people's spirit.
The soul is deeply rooted in the ideology of sex. Power changes the external material conditions.
The spiritual shackles that have become deep in the soul.
The fourth part is the focus of the full text. In this part, the author makes a study of the main norms of sexual crime in China.
The analysis:
1, rape and coercion, hard wrap, insulting women.
The author believes that the identification of rape should be based on whether or not it is against the will of women.
In the very complicated situation, the author only puts forward several problems that should be paid attention to.
It is necessary to regard the resistance of the injured woman as a necessary condition.
If there is any complaint and voluntary sexual relations with the man, he shall not be guilty of rape.
Natural aggression instinct and female intentionally or unintentionally sexual attraction factors can not be too severe for rape offense.
The author also retreats the problem of marital rape and considers it based on the fact and rationality of sexual differences between men and women.
The law should not be related to the causes of personal emotion. It is not appropriate to affirm the existence of rape in marriage.
To insult women's sodomy and coercive oral sex, the author believes that they should be included in rape.
Category.
2, organization, coercion, seduction, shelter, and the crime of prostitution.
First of all, the author advocates that no organization or shelter should be introduced for the punishment and punishment of prostitutes.
They are only intermediaries. Punishment against them is an act of putting the cart before the horse but not of fairness and justice.
The crime of forced prostitution is forced. Secondly, the author aims at the question of legalization of prostitution in China.
It is considered that the red light should not be set up because of the great disparity between the rich and the poor and the traditional sexual morality.
Area ".
3, the crime of making, selling, and Disseminating Obscene Articles
It is widely believed that pornographic products will have an adverse effect: pornographic materials insult women.
Personality, personality, making people develop low tastes, leading to the rise of juvenile sexual offences.
Real material refutes the above view and believes that pornography and dignity are needed from the door.
From the point of view, the legalization of obscene goods can be implemented.
Through the critical analysis of the norms of sexual crimes in China, the author thinks that our sexual legal norms are clear.
Obvious moral tendency, and this problem is also a problem all over the world.
The formulation and implementation of laws are easily influenced by the prevailing moral emotion in the state.
Focus on adjusting material interests and try to avoid involving moral feelings.
Intertwined, conflict today, the law should have a detached attitude, so as to be more powerful.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D917

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