吸毒预防论

发布时间：2018-06-08 20:04

本文选题：吸毒 + 预防　；参考：《吉林大学》2004年博士论文

【摘要】：自20世纪80年代以来，我国禁毒执法部门坚定不移地贯彻严打方针，始终保持对毒品犯罪的高压态势，但我国的禁吸戒毒工作所面临的形势依然不容乐观，突出表现在以下几个方面：一是吸毒人数仍然居高不下，吸毒人口呈现年轻化和低龄化趋势。截止2003年底，我国累计登记在册的吸毒人员已达到105．3万人，72．2％是35岁以下的青少年，这其中还不包括4～7倍于此、数量庞大的隐性吸毒人口。二是涉毒区域仍在扩大，吸毒人员的职业结构和社会阶层日趋复杂化。中国公安部2003年公布的数据显示，我国内地31个省(自治区、直辖市)都存在吸毒问题，涉毒县(市、区)已达到2148个，其中比较严重的，也就是吸毒人员超过1000人的县(市、区)有214个。三是走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品活动猖獗，因吸毒而诱发卖淫、盗窃、抢劫等违法犯罪现象突出。吸毒与走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品是共生互动、互相依存的关系，既然境外毒源无法铲除，贩毒和吸毒也就不可能根治；反过来，也由于国内存在庞大的吸毒群体，这一群体对毒品的巨大需求所产生的暴利，又会刺激毒品的制造、走私、运输和贩卖。尽管禁毒机关不断加大对毒品犯罪的打击力度，但在国际交往频繁、制毒贩毒依然十分活跃的大环境背景下，要想在中国这个局部战场短期内彻底根治毒品犯罪是不可能的，也是不现实的。 WP=207 四是由于吸毒是高开销的持续性行为，在强烈毒瘾的折磨下，为了尽快获得毒资，他们在骗光、偷光、拖跨自己的家庭和朋友之后，如果仍不能自拔的话，他们必然会非偷即抢、以贩养吸、以卖淫养吸，从而给社会治安带来极为严重的后果。据大量调查，在吸毒成瘾者中有70～ 75％左右曾有违法犯罪行为。五是对吸毒人员的执法难和收治率低，戒毒人员的康复矫治效果不理想。多年来我国戒毒机构对吸毒人员的收戒方式始终走不出一种怪圈：戒毒所收治一部分吸毒人员，社会上还有一部分吸毒人员，等这批戒毒人员出所后，再把另一部分人收治进来，可前一批戒毒人员出所后又很快复吸，如此循环反复，导致戒毒工作始终处于“屡吸屡戒，屡戒屡吸” 的恶性循环状态。六是吸毒预防的宣传教育设计不够科学，效果不理想，没有充分调动群众以形成全民禁毒的工作态势。因此，针对不断变化着的毒品犯罪和吸毒现象，如何更有效地从吸毒预防角度来地开展宣传教育，规范和完善戒毒医疗康复制度，解决立法和对策的滞后性问题，以便更好地遏止毒品犯罪，减缓新吸毒人员的滋生，最大限度降低吸毒所带来的社会危害，这方面的理论研究和实践方法的探索显得格外迫切和重要。广义上的行为预防既包括行为发生前的预防，也包括控制、制止行为的全部过程，但这其中又以行为发生前的预防最为重要。鉴于目前在戒毒康复方面还有很多难题尚未攻克，吸毒行为的前期预防也就显得格外重要。因此，在当前我国吸毒治理工作面临严峻挑战的新形势下，吸毒预防研究具有十分重要的理论价值和实践意义：第一，吸毒预防开展效果的好坏，直接关系到能否扭转当前我国禁吸戒毒工作的被动态势。第二，就如何杜绝和减少吸毒行为的发生来看，预防比禁毒戒毒更 WP=208 具可行性，也更容易有成效。第三，吸毒预防对减少青少年吸毒行为的发生意义尤为重大，这是由青少年性格行为的可塑性以及青少年吸毒行为发生的特点所决定。第四，国内外一些有益探索及其经验也证明了吸毒预防的重要意义。为此，本文采取了以下的研究视角、思路和方法： (一)研究视角在分析吸毒的成因时，国内的很多学者首推毒品的可获得性、毒品黑市的猖獗，认为这是产生吸毒行为的重要原因。然而笔者认为，任何消费品没有需求和市场，也就丧失了存在的前提。作为国家严厉控制查处的违禁品，，毒品的存在同样离不开非法消费的市场和群体，贩卖、运输、制造毒品的最终收益也是取决于毒品的需求。如果我们能够从源头上探究出人们吸毒的原因，并相应地调整预防和矫治措施，从而有效地控制和减少社会对毒品的需求，相信这对我们的禁毒工作会有更大的帮助和启益。因此，本文选择吸毒预防的研究视角，尝试从源头上去全面深入地探讨预防和减少吸毒行为的发生的方法和途径，以期能在借鉴前人研究成果的基础上有所突破，从而为我国的禁吸戒毒工作提供有益的启示，扭转当前我国禁吸戒毒工作所面临的被动局面。 (二)研究思路吸毒行为的发生是外部社会客观条件和个体主观要素相互交织、共同作用的结果，从理论上讲，很难认定吸毒者由于单一的原因而吸毒，多种原因要素需要在一定的条件、一定的情境和一定的过程中互动。在这些复杂的要素中，一些是具有共性的，一些具有个别性的特点；多种要素也具有层次性，一些是本质性的、决定性的、具有直接影响作用的因素，一些是次要的、辅助的、间接的因素。具有共性的因素反映了吸毒者相同或相似的主体观念和人格特点；具有个别特点的要素反映了吸毒者不同的吸毒行为的动机，即激起吸毒行为的内心起因和意志
[Abstract]:Since the 1980s , China ' s anti - drug law enforcement authorities have been firmly committed to the strict implementation of the law

needle , consistent with the high - pressure situation of drug - related crime , but the anti - drug work of our country faces

The situation is still not optimistic , with the following aspects :

First , the number of drug users remains high , and the drug users are younger and younger .

By the end of 2003 , 105.3 million drug users registered in our country had reached 105.3 million , 72.2 %

It ' s a teenager under the age of 35 . It doesn ' t include 4 - 7 times . It ' s a huge amount .

Drug users .

Second , the drug - related areas are still expanding , and the professional structure and social stratum of drug users are increasingly complex

In 2003 , the Ministry of Public Security of China showed that 31 provinces in the Mainland ( autonomous regions ,

There are drug abuse problems in the municipalities directly under the Central Government , and 2,148 drug - related counties ( cities and districts ) have reached 2,148 , compared with those in the municipalities directly under the Central Government .

Serious , that is , there are 214 counties ( cities , districts ) with more than 1,000 drug users .

Thirdly , smuggling , trafficking , transportation and drug - making activities are rampant , and prostitution is induced by drug use ,

Crime of crimes such as theft and robbery . Drug use and smuggling , trafficking , transportation and manufacture of drugs

They are symbiotic , interdependent and interdependent , since foreign sources cannot eradicate , drug trafficking and drug use

it is impossible to radically cure ;
In turn , this group is also due to the presence of large groups of drug users in the country

The huge demand for drugs is the rage , which also stimulates the manufacture , smuggling , transport and trafficking of drugs .

In spite of the increasing efforts to combat drug - related crime , the drug - drug authorities have frequently engaged in international exchanges ,

Drug trafficking is still very active in the context of the environment , to be in China this local battlefield short - term

It is impossible to radically cure the drug crime and it is not realistic .

WP=207

Fourth , because drug use is a persistent behavior of high spending , under the tortures of intense drug addiction , in order to

Get poison as soon as possible , they ' re lying , stealing , dragging across their families and friends , if they ' re cheating .

If they are still unable to pull themselves out , they will not steal or rob them , so as to bring up and suck in prostitution , so that they can be used for the purpose of prostitution .

There are very serious consequences for social security , 70 to 70 per cent of addicts in drug addicts , according to a large number of surveys

About 75 % of them have committed criminal acts .

The fifth is that the law enforcement difficulty and the treatment rate of the drug addicts are low , and the rehabilitation and treatment effect of the drug addicts is not

Ideal . For many years , Chinese drug addicts have always walked out of a strange circle in the way of taking up the drug addicts .

A part of drug addicts , some drug addicts in the society , and so on .

After the personnel came out of the hospital , another part of the people came in , and the former group of drug addicts came out of the post .

Quick reabsorption , so circulating and repeated , leading to drug withdrawal is always in the " award - taking , the award - taking "

The vicious circle of state .

Sixth , the propaganda and education design of drug use prevention is not scientific , the effect is not ideal , it is not fully adjusted

Moving the masses to form a universal anti - drug work situation .

Therefore , with regard to changing drug - related crime and drug abuse , how to get more effective from the suction

Carry out propaganda and education , regulate and perfect the rehabilitation system of drug addiction prevention and cure , and solve the problem

The lagging of laws and responses in order to better combat drug - related crime and to slow down new drug users .

The theoretical research and practice of breeding and minimizing the social harm brought by drug use

The exploration of the method is especially urgent and important .

The behavior prevention in a broad sense includes both prevention before the onset of the act , as well as the control and suppression of the line

For all the processes , it is most important to prevent it from happening again . In view of the current situation ,

There are still a lot of difficulties in the rehabilitation of drug addicts , and the early prevention of drug use appears to be the same

Therefore , under the new situation that the current situation of drug abuse in our country is faced with severe challenges ,

The research of toxicity prevention has very important theoretical value and practical significance :

First , the effect of drug abuse prevention is directly related to whether to reverse current China ' s ban

Passive posture of drug withdrawal .

Secondly , to prevent and reduce the incidence of drug abuse , prevention is more effective than drug control .

WP=208

It is feasible and more effective .

Thirdly , drug abuse prevention is particularly important in reducing the incidence of drug abuse among adolescents , which is

It is determined by the plasticity of adolescent personality behavior and the characteristics of juvenile drug abuse .

Fourthly , some useful exploration and experience at home and abroad have also proved the important significance of drug abuse prevention .

For this reason , the following research perspectives , ideas and methods are adopted in this paper .

( I ) From the perspective of research

In the analysis of the causes of drug use , many scholars in the country first push the availability of drugs , drugs

This is an important reason for drug abuse . However , the author believes that any

There is no demand and market for consumer goods , and the precondition for the existence of consumer goods is lost .

The existence of drugs is also inseparable from the illegal consumption of markets and groups , traffic and transportation .

The final return on drug delivery is also dependent on the demand for drugs . If we can start from the source

Investigate the causes of drug use and adjust prevention and treatment measures accordingly , so as to effectively

Control and reduce the demand for drugs in society , and believe it will have a greater contribution to our anti - narcotics work

Therefore , this article chooses the research perspective of drug abuse prevention , try to go up from the source

In - depth exploration of ways and means to prevent and reduce the incidence of drug abuse , with a view to being able to learn from it

There is a breakthrough on the basis of the research results , thus providing beneficial results for the anti - drug work in our country .

The enlightenment is to reverse the current situation of drug addiction in our country .

( II ) Research thinking

The occurrence of drug use behavior is the external social objective condition and the individual subjective element interweave , altogether

As a result of the same function , it is difficult to conclude that drug users are taking drugs for a single reason ,

A variety of reasons need to interact in certain conditions , certain situations and certain processes .

Among these complex factors , some are commonness , some have the characteristics of individuality ;
multiple

Elements are also hierarchical , some of which are essential , decisive and have a direct effect .

Factors , some of which are secondary , auxiliary , and indirect .

The same or similar subject concept and personality characteristics of drug users ;
Elements with individual characteristics reflect suction

The motives of drug abuse , that is , the inner causes and will of drug abuse
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D917.6

【引证文献】