言语信息在侦查破案中的运用

发布时间：2018-06-18 15:24

本文选题：言语识别 + 言语特征　；参考：《西南政法大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本论文是关于言语信息在侦查破案中运用情况的研究。语言是伴随着人类社会的形成而产生的,而且跟随着社会生活的变化而发展。语言的声音是信号,它是人类有意识的反应,是表达感情的信号也是表达理智的、逻辑的、推理的信号。言语识别就是以言语文字为检验对象,通过对案件言语材料分析辨认,拟测案犯“脸谱”特征,从而揭露和证实犯罪的技术。含有言语的材料也是侦查中出现的一类物证,分析这类物证,可以得出很多信息,我们可以据此刻画犯罪嫌疑人,确定侦查目标和方向,为侦查破案提供依据。笔迹检验中对言语材料的分析往往注重从文书的笔迹特征方面来进行分析;以此来作出同一认定。但是在此基础上,加强对文书内容的分析可以拓展思路,为刻画犯罪嫌疑人提供更为充分的形象。另外,在侦查讯问这种口头言语交际的过程中,迅速的从犯罪嫌疑人的话语中捕捉到有效而真实的信息,也需要我们对口供的真假进行甄别。在绑架人质案件中,与犯罪人的沟通显得至关重要,从犯罪人的话语中定位犯罪人,设定针对性、可行性的人质解救策略,也离不开对犯罪人话语信息的识别。随着电子邮件、传真、电报、电话等作为交流媒介的发展,书写工具在体现书写特点中的作用的减弱,通常作为人身鉴定的依据的笔迹特征将减少,在这些电子介质中,更多体现的是电子信息的统一性和普遍性,唯一能将其区分的是内容、用词、造句等有代表性的个性特征。言语特征将有助于人身同一认定。言语信息并没有在侦查中得到很好的重视和利用。理论研究的欠缺和实践经验的匮乏在一定程度上限制了言语信息的利用。本文分析言语特征的本质和特点,以理论探讨言语识别在笔迹鉴定中的辅助作用,并对言语识别的领域作了一些总结,期望能发挥在实践中的指导作用,更好的指导侦查破案。我们不能只看到言语特征运用的局限性,应谨慎对待这一特征的运用,辩证的分析看待。本文分三个部分。第一部分对言语特征进行概述:分别分析了言语特征的本质、言语特征的特点、对侦查破案的作用;然后分析了文书检验中笔迹特征与言语特征的区别与联系,二者的结合使用将更好的辅助笔迹鉴定。然后指出了在文书检验中对二者结合使用的意义与原理;从宏观角度探讨和认识言语特征的本质特点、形成机制、表现形式的基本问题。从理论上丰富相关言语识别的基本问题。第二部分分别从识别的依据、方法和条件上阐述了如何利用言语特征进行地域的识别、性别的识别、文化程度的识别、精神状况的识别。总结了如何运用言语特征对犯罪人进行综合分析;又着重分析了怎样在审讯中利用言语特征。从技术的角度对言语特征在侦查破案中的运用作出了具体的阐述。主要意义在于从全方位的发掘出言语特征所蕴含的意义,刻画出言语主体的“脸谱”,提炼出对侦查破案有分析价值的即特定信息。第三部分阐述了言语识别的历史和发展现状,及在我国发展的不足之处。简要介绍了外国的研究状况,并针对该门技术在我国的发展提出了若干建议。主要是从发展状况中进行比较,分析存在的问题并给出合理化的建议,立足于本土并借鉴外国的发展状况,更好的指导侦查实践活动。言语特征的使用固然有一定的局限性,但本文通过对言语特征在侦查中的一些运用的研究,期望能更全面的把握言语特征的价值,提高其在侦查破案中的运用范围,能在实践中更加全面的看待这一特征的运用价值。
[Abstract]:This thesis is about the application of verbal information in the investigation .

Language is produced by the formation of human society and develops with the change of social life . The sound of language is the signal , it is the signal of human being conscious , it is the signal expressing emotion . It is the signal of reason , logic and reasoning . Speech recognition is to test the case speech material by analyzing and recognizing the case speech material , so as to reveal and confirm the crime .

The material of speech is also a kind of evidence in the investigation . It can draw lots of information . We can draw a lot of information . We can draw a lot of information on the basis of the analysis of the content of the instrument . In addition , it is very important to judge the crime suspects . In the case of kidnapping , the communication between the criminals is very important . In the case of kidnapping , it is necessary to locate the perpetrator , set the targeted and feasible hostage rescue strategy , and also can ' t be separated from the identification of the discourse information of the offender .

With the development of e - mail , fax , telegram , telephone and so on as the communication medium , the writing instrument is weakened by the function of writing , usually as the basis for personal identification .

The lack of theoretical research and the lack of practical experience limits the utilization of speech information to a certain extent . This paper analyzes the essence and characteristics of speech recognition , and makes some concluding remarks on the field of speech recognition . It is expected that it can play a guiding role in practice and better guide the investigation . We can not only see the limitation of the use of speech features , and should treat this feature carefully and treat it with caution .

This paper is divided into three parts . The first part provides an overview of the characteristics of speech : the analysis of the nature of the characteristics of the speech , the characteristics of the characteristics of the speech and the role of the investigation ; then , it analyzes the meaning and principle of the combination of the written features and the speech features in the instrument inspection .

The second part describes how to use the features of speech to carry out the recognition of the region , the recognition of the sex , the recognition of the degree of culture and the recognition of the mental condition .

In the third part , the history and development status of speech recognition and the deficiency of development in China are described . The research situation of foreign countries is introduced briefly , and some suggestions are put forward for the development of the door technology in China .

Although the use of speech features has some limitations , this paper hopes to grasp the value of speech features more comprehensively and improve its application scope in the investigation , and the application value of this feature can be viewed more comprehensively in practice .
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D918.2

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