司法鉴定人制度比较研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 11:42

本文选题：司法 + 鉴定人　；参考：《西南政法大学》2002年硕士论文

【摘要】： 司法鉴定制度是司法制度的重要组成部分。当前，司法公正理念的不断深化，司法改革措施的不断推进，对我国司法鉴定工作提出了更高的要求，同时也为我国司法鉴定制度的改革开辟了更为广阔的前景。鉴定人制度作为司法鉴定制度的核心，是改革的重中之重。作者在广泛收集国内外有关鉴定人制度资料的基础上，从国外鉴定人制度入手，对鉴定人制度的各项内容作了较为详细的比较研究，以从中借鉴其先进经验，对我国鉴定人制度的改革作了有益探索。本文约37000字，分为八个部分。第一部分，司法鉴定人概述。本部分主要介绍了鉴定人的概念、法律特征及其分类等基本内容。第二部分，司法鉴定人的历史考察。本部分主要介绍了鉴定人的历史发展，分为三个阶段介绍：萌芽时期，发展时期，现状。第三部分，司法鉴定人诉讼地位之比较研究。本部分主要分析了不同国家鉴定人的诉讼地位。英美法系国家鉴定人的诉讼地位为“证人”，大陆法系国家鉴定人的诉讼地位比证人高，为“法官的助手”，而我国的鉴定人则是独立的诉讼参与人，并对此进行了评价。第四部分，司法鉴定人资格制度之比较研究。本部分是本文重点之一，主要分析了两大法系国家鉴定人的资格和我国鉴定人资格现状，在作了比较后，提出完善我国鉴定人资格制度之构想。实行职业资格制和执业资格制，着重阐述了鉴定人的条件和资格的取得、考核、培训、登记注册等。第五部分，司法鉴定人选任制度之比较研究。本部分主要分析了英美法系国家的当事人委托鉴定制度和大陆法系国家的司法官委托鉴定制度，并结合我国诉讼制度，提出在我国应建立司法机关委托鉴定为主，当事人委托鉴定为补充的制度。第六部分，司法鉴定人的权利义务比较研究。这部分主要介绍了大陆法系不同国家的鉴定人所享有的权利与义务，并分析了我国鉴定人士要应享有的权牙义务。第七部分，司法鉴定人的法律责任之比酬究。蛐分主要狮了西方国家鉴定人的法律责任，进而提出完善我国鉴定人的法律责任，并对鉴定人承担法律责任的归责原则及承担法律责任的类型作了详细论述。鉴定人承担的责任有：故意作虚假鉴定结论的法律责任；故意超期鉴定的法律责任；故意或重大过失损毁、更换鉴定材料，造成严重后果的法律责任；拒绝出庭作证的法律责任等。鉴定人主观上须故意或重大过失才承担责任，类型有刑事责任、民事责任、行政责任等。第／悯分，司法鉴定人制度立法之比狈究。本部分详细阐述了我国目前鉴定人的立法状况，在树国外有关鉴定人立法的掷上，提出我国应由全国人大或常委会制定统一的《司法赈法兄以规范鉴定人的各项制度。
[Abstract]:The judicial authentication system is an important part of the judicial system. At present, the continuous deepening of the concept of judicial justice and the continuous promotion of judicial reform measures have put forward higher requirements for the judicial identification work in our country, but also open up a wider prospect for the reform of our judicial authentication system. The appraiser system is a judicial authentication system. The core of the reform is the top priority of the reform. On the basis of the extensive collection of information about the appraiser system both at home and abroad, the author makes a comparatively detailed comparative study of the various contents of the appraiser system from the foreign appraiser system, so as to make a useful exploration for the reform of the system of appraisers in China from the reference of its advanced experience.
This article is about 37000 words and is divided into eight parts.
The first part is an overview of forensic experts. This part mainly introduces the concept, characteristics and classification of appraisers.
The second part, the historical investigation of the judicial appraiser. This part mainly introduces the historical development of the appraiser, which is divided into three stages: the period of germination, the period of development, and the present situation.
The third part, the comparative study of the judicial status of the judicial authenticator. This part mainly analyzes the status of the litigant in different countries. The legal status of the appraisers in the Anglo American legal system is "witness", the civil law country is higher than the witness and is "the help of the judge", and the appraiser of our country is an independent lawsuit. The participants were evaluated.
The fourth part is the comparative study of the qualification system of the judicial authenticator. This part is one of the key points of this article. It mainly analyzes the qualification of the appraisers in the two legal system countries and the status quo of the qualification of the appraisers in our country. After making a comparison, it puts forward the conception of perfecting the qualification system of the appraisers in our country. The qualification system of vocational education and the system of professional qualification are carried out, and the appraisal is emphatically expounded. People's conditions and qualifications, assessment, training, registration and so on.
The fifth part is the comparative study of the system of the selection and appointment of the judicial expert. This part mainly analyzes the system of the accreditation of the parties to the parties in the Anglo American legal system and the system of the authentication of the judicial officers in the countries of the continental law system, and in the light of our country's litigation system, it is proposed that the identification of the judicial organs should be established in our country and the parties' authorization to be identified as a supplementary system in our country. Degree.
The sixth part is the comparative study of the rights and obligations of the judicial authenticator. This part mainly introduces the rights and obligations of the appraisers in different countries of the civil law system, and analyses the needs of the appraisers in our country.
The right to the right tooth.
The seventh part is the comparison of legal liability of judicial appraisers.
The legal liability of the national appraiser is put forward, and the legal liability of the appraiser is put forward.
The principle of liability fixation and the type of legal liability for determining liability are discussed in detail.
The responsibility of a person is: the legal responsibility of deliberately making false identification conclusions; the law of deliberately overdue appraisal.
Responsibility, damage caused by intentional or gross negligence, replacement of appraisal materials, and legal liability for serious consequences.
Refusing to appear in court as a legal liability, etc., the appraiser subjectively must be intentionally or gross negligence to bear the responsibility.
Types are criminal liability, civil liability, administrative responsibility, etc.
The legislation of forensic expert system is more difficult.
At present, the legislative status of the appraiser is put forward in foreign countries.
The National People's Congress or the Standing Committee should formulate a unified judicial relief law to regulate the system of appraisers.
Degree.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：D918.9

【引证文献】