科学哲学视野中同一认定理论的修正与诠释

发布时间：2018-06-21 15:39

本文选题：犯罪侦查 + 同一认定　；参考：《中国人民公安大学学报》2007年02期

【摘要】：当前对于同一认定理论的阐释侧重于应用层面,但从侦查学理论研究的角度而言更应关注同一认定理论的建构层面。同一认定理论的建构始于对犯罪侦查的同一认定活动中如何解决特征组合相同及唯一问题的探索;并以此为基础形成了关于同一认定理论研究的准则与假设体系,即成为一种范式;这一范式最早确立于对指纹同一认定的研究,并被后来各类客体的同一认定研究所遵循。同一认定理论体系由相应的硬核、保护带和启示法构成;在同一认定理论中,客体的特定性可以通过模式(特征体系)来表征,模式之间的差异决定其表征的客体是否同一,构成了同一认定理论的“硬核”,这一“硬核”是不容反驳与否定的;模式的特定性、相似性、稳定性、可复制性、模式所包含的特征组合相同性和唯一性等组成了围绕“硬核”的辅助性假说,是同一认定理论的保护带;而启示法则引导着人们进一步发展和完善同一认定理论体系,并禁止同一认定理论的“硬核”受到经验事实的反驳与否定。
[Abstract]:At present, the interpretation of the same cognizance theory focuses on the application level, but from the angle of the investigation theory, we should pay more attention to the construction level of the same cognizance theory. The construction of the same cognizance theory begins with the exploration of how to solve the problem of the same combination and the only problem in the same cognizance activity of the crime investigation, and on this basis, it forms the standard and the hypothetical system of the research on the same cognizance theory. This paradigm was first established in the study of the identity of fingerprint and followed by the later research on the identity of all kinds of objects. In the theory of identity recognition, the specificity of the object can be represented by the pattern (characteristic system), and the difference between the patterns determines whether the object represented is the same or not. The "hard nucleus", which constitutes the same theory, cannot be refuted and denied; the pattern is specific, similar, stable, reproducible. The similarity and uniqueness of the characteristics contained in the model form the auxiliary hypothesis around the "hard core", which is the protective zone of the same identification theory, while the law of enlightenment leads people to further develop and perfect the system of the same identification theory. The hard core of the same theory is prohibited from being refuted and denied by the empirical facts.
【作者单位】：浙江公安高等专科学校
【分类号】：D918

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