民事司法鉴定人制度研究

发布时间：2018-07-05 05:14

本文选题：民事 + 司法　；参考：《中国政法大学》2003年硕士论文

【摘要】： 鉴定结论是民事诉讼中一类重要的法定证据形式，随着科技的不断进步，鉴定结论在民事诉讼中的运用越来越广，在司法实践中的作用也越来越重要。鉴定人作为司法鉴定活动的具体实施者，其制度设计与实施情况在很大程度上影响着法院对民事案件尤其是涉及高科技以及需运用科技手段解决的案件如环境污染、医疗事故、药物作用、交通事故等新型纠纷的正确处理，并关系到民事司法改革的进程，因此司法鉴定人制度引起了笔者的浓厚兴趣和深切关注。笔者以此作为自己学位论文研究的题目，就司法鉴定人制度中的相关内容进行了研究，历经几个月，终于形成了这篇论文。本文共分六大章，约四万余字。第一章是司法鉴定人制度的概论。由于概念是某一学科入门的先导，因此笔者从司法鉴定人的概念出发，先后介绍了两大法系学者和我国的专家对司法鉴定人概念的认识，并阐明出笔者个人的见解，从而为全文各个部分的论述奠定了基石。第二章是司法鉴定人的诉讼地位。在本章中，笔者对比研究了两大法系中司法鉴定人的诉讼地位，并在考察中国现状的基础上，主张应顺应两大法系互相融合、互相借鉴的趋势，建立起交叉询问等机制保障司法鉴定人成为真正独立的、客观、中立的诉讼参与人。第三章是司法鉴定人的资格。本章着重介绍了两大法系中司法鉴定人的法律资格：即英美国家的“无固定资格制”和德法等国的“固定资格制”。针对我国司法鉴定人资格制度中存在的问题，笔者主张：取消法院内部的鉴定机构；建立鉴定人名册制度；建立鉴定人交流、培训及考核奖惩制度；制定全国统一的鉴定人资格制度，，提高司法鉴定准入领域的标准化和规范化等等。第四章是司法鉴定人的选任制度。同样，笔者也是运用了对比研究的方法，通过观察两大法系中不同的司法鉴定人选任制度的优劣，主张我国司法鉴定人选任制改革的方向应是建立“以法官选任为主、当事人选任为辅”的模式。第五章是司法鉴定人的权利义务。司法鉴定人的权利义务不仅是司法鉴定人公正和有效率的开展鉴定工作的前提，也是实现诉讼程序民主公正及实体结 WP=4 果公平合理的保障。在本章中，笔者先后介绍了大陆法系和英美法系中司法鉴定人的权利义务，并在此基础上，对我国司法鉴定人的权利义务进行了重新构建。提出应对司法鉴定人增加更多、更全面的权利义务方面的配套规定，以保障民事诉讼中公正、效率等价值目标的实现。第六章是司法鉴定人的法律责任。在本章中，笔者首先着重论述了司法鉴定人民事责任的性质。指出在不同的法系司法鉴定人民事责任的性质是不同的：在英美法系为契约责任，在大陆法系为侵权责任。其次，笔者针对我国司法鉴定人法律责任缺失的现状，主张应重新设计我国司法鉴定人的责任体系：即建立起多层次、有保障的新型责任体系。通过事前预防和事后救助的方式保障司法鉴定人只根据客观事实和科学规律公正执业。
[Abstract]:The appraisal conclusion is a kind of important legal evidence form in civil litigation . With the continuous progress of science and technology , the application of the appraisal conclusion in civil litigation is more and more important .

This article is divided into six chapters , about 40,000 words .

The first chapter is an overview of the system of judicial appraisal . Since the concept is the leader of a certain subject , the author introduces two major legal scholars and experts of our country from the concept of judicial appraisal , and expounds the author ' s personal opinion , thus laying the foundation for the discussion of the whole part of the whole text .

In the second chapter , the author compares the status of the judicial appraisal in the two systems . On the basis of investigating the present situation of China , the author argues that it should conform to the trend of mutual integration and mutual reference between the two methods , and establish a cross - inquiry mechanism to guarantee that the judicial identifying person becomes a truly independent , objective and neutral litigation participant .

The third chapter is the qualification of judicial appraisal . This chapter emphatically introduces the legal qualification of judicial appraisal in the two legal systems : the " fixed qualification system " and " fixed qualification system " in Anglo - American countries . In view of the problems existing in the qualification system of judicial appraisal in China , the author advocates that the appraisal institution inside the court is lifted ;
( d ) Establish a roster system ;
Establish an expert exchange , training and assessment and punishment system ;
The establishment of a national unified accreditation system , standardization and standardization in the field of access to judicial expertise , etc .

In the fourth chapter , the author also applies the method of comparative study . By observing the advantages and disadvantages of different judicial appraisal system in the two systems , it is suggested that the direction of selecting the system reform should be based on the selection of judges as the main and the choice of the parties as auxiliary " .

The fifth chapter is the rights and obligations of the judicial identifying people . The rights and obligations of the judicial identifying persons are not only the premise of the judicial appraisal of the impartiality and the efficiency of the judicial authentication , but also the realization of the democratic justice and the entity knot of the proceedings .

WP=4

In this chapter , the author has introduced the rights and obligations of the judicial experts in the civil law system and the Anglo - American law system . On the basis of this , the author rebuilds the rights and obligations of the judicial certifier in our country .

Chapter 6 is the legal responsibility of judicial appraisal . In this chapter , the author first discusses the nature of the civil liability of judicial appraisal .
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：D918.9

【引证文献】