浅谈我国司法鉴定现状、问题及完善构想

发布时间：2018-08-02 21:35

【摘要】：司法鉴定与审判制度、证据制度和司法制度有着紧密的联系，作为我国司法制度的组成部分，具有司法公正的法律性、中立性、客观性等基本属性。同时，司法鉴定应当与我国证据制度相协调，无论其涉及的司法鉴定人、司法鉴定机构以及鉴定原理、方法、标准等都需要严格遵循相关的法律规定。我国的司法鉴定随着三大诉讼法的实施，经过2005年全国人大常委会作出《关于司法鉴定管理的决定》的实质性改革以后，形成了我国现有的司法鉴定人、司法鉴定机构和司法鉴定制度。本文共分为四个部分：第一，对司法鉴定进行基本的阐述。包括司法鉴定的定义及其内涵、司法鉴定人及司法鉴定机构的介绍和分类、我国司法鉴定类型的简介；第二，介绍了国外的司法鉴定制度的演变，包括大陆法系国家的职权主义模式及英美法系国家的专家证人制度，，同时介绍了我国司法鉴定制度的发展及现状，包括鉴定的申请、决定、鉴定机构的选择、委托及司法鉴定意见的认证制度；第三，针对我国现有司法鉴定的现状结合司法实践，提出了司法鉴定人、司法鉴定机构及现有司法鉴定制度存在的问题，包括司法鉴定人的执业资格问题、技术水平的良莠不齐、年龄结构的不合理、法律意识的欠缺、司法鉴定人的兼职及职业道德问题，司法鉴定人的出庭问题；司法鉴定机构的登记管理问题、分布不均问题、鉴定机构的稳定性问题、忽略法律意识的问题及鉴定机构的等级问题；司法鉴定机构的准入问题、司法鉴定机构的名册问题、司法鉴定的管理问题、司法鉴定的应用标准问题、司法鉴定的重新鉴定问题；第四，根据我国司法鉴定的实际情况，针对其所存在的问题提出了完善构想。
[Abstract]:Judicial appraisal is closely related to judicial system, evidence system and judicial system. As a part of our judicial system, it has the basic attributes of judicial justice, such as law, neutrality, objectivity and so on. At the same time, the judicial identification should be coordinated with the evidence system of our country, regardless of the judicial expert, the judicial appraisal organization, the appraisal principle, the method, the standard and so on, all need to strictly abide by the related law stipulation. With the implementation of the three major procedural laws, after the substantive reform of the "decision on the Administration of Judicial expertise" made by the standing Committee of the National people's Congress in 2005, our country's existing judicial experts have been formed. Institutions and systems of judicial expertise. This article is divided into four parts: first, the basic description of forensic expertise. Including the definition and connotation of judicial expertise, the introduction and classification of judicial experts and judicial expert institutions, the brief introduction of the types of judicial expertise in China; second, the introduction of the evolution of the judicial expertise system abroad. It also introduces the development and present situation of the judicial identification system in China, including the application, decision and the choice of the appraisal institution in the countries of the civil law system and the Anglo-American law system, including the functions and powers of the civil law system and the expert witness system in the common law system. Third, according to the current situation of judicial expertise in our country combined with judicial practice, put forward the problems of judicial experts, judicial expertise institutions and the existing system of judicial identification. It includes the problems of the qualification of the judicial expert, the uneven technical level, the unreasonable age structure, the lack of the legal consciousness, the part-time work and the professional ethics of the judicial expert, and the appearance of the judicial expert; The problems of the registration management, the uneven distribution, the stability of the appraisal institution, the neglect of the legal consciousness and the rank of the appraisal institution, the access problem of the judicial expert institution, the register of the judicial expert institution, the problem of the registration of the judicial expert institution, the problem of the stability of the appraisal institution, The management of judicial expertise, the application standard of judicial expertise, the re-identification of judicial expertise; fourth, according to the actual situation of judicial expertise in China, the author puts forward a perfect idea for its problems.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D918.9

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