职务经济犯罪动机及预防对策

发布时间：2018-10-05 12:08

【摘要】： 职务经济犯罪是当今官吏腐败和司法腐败的主流，被称为中国头号的社会问题。研究职务经济犯罪动机与成因对预防职务经济犯罪具有相当重要的意义。本次研究重点访谈了30多名具有一定代表性的职务经济犯罪人，并通过设计专门问卷调查了400名职务经济犯罪人，在此基础上对职务经济犯罪动机与客观因素、主观因素、环境压力激励需要因素之间根本性的、直接的、间接的联系进行分析和比较，分门别类综合考察动机成因。研究主要结论有五点： 1、组织因素中的监督乏力、制度缺陷、不良风气是诱发、形成犯罪动机的很重要原因。主要表现有三个层次，距离最近的相连层次是客体满足主体的需要，为主体所利用，组织因素相对于需要因素来讲，具有明显的压力激励的作用，对需要的萌动和发展方向具有激发和诱导的力量，在哲学意义上具有最终的决定作用。第二个层次，相对于个体因素来说，行为人通过对组织环境因素的观察学习、替代强化，可以能动地将组织因素内化为相应的价值取向、个性特点和人际交往倾向等主观因素，，并成为影响需要、动机的中介自我调节要素。第三个层次，组织因素是犯罪动机转变为犯罪行为的必备相关条件，它以整体的、宏观的层面来影响动机，以权力包围稀缺资源为核心，向职务经济犯罪提供了一切机会。 2、在个体意义上，个体因素对犯罪动机的形成具有决定作用，其迷失人格、自私重财的价值取向、冒险失责的个性特点、外向权宜的交际倾向对成就需要、权力需要具有显著的中介自我调节作用，促使其形成相应的职务经济犯罪动机。 3、成就需要、权力需要一方面接受组织因素的环境压力激励，另一方面，又能动地接受个体因素的中介自我调节，由需要演化为欲动，最终演变为职务经济犯罪动机。 4、组织因素以“权力”为中心，个体因素以“自我”为中心，需要因素以“获利”为中心，三个中心的相互作用，形成以权谋私的职务经济犯罪动机。 5、职务经济犯罪动机是很复杂的，其包括三个因素(易激惹、欲求不满、理由化)、十种心理(吃亏补偿、投资回报、嫉妒攀比、从众合流、及时行乐、孤注一掷、人之常情、法不责众、为公无过、侥幸过关)。本研究在对结果讨论的基础上提出进一步研究的问题和方法的启示。
[Abstract]:Official economic crime is the mainstream of official corruption and judicial corruption, which is called the number one social problem in China. It is very important to study the motive and cause of the crime of duty economy to prevent the crime of duty economy. This study focuses on interviews with more than 30 representative job-related economic offenders, and through a special questionnaire survey of 400 job-related economic offenders, on the basis of this, the motivation and objective factors of job-related economic crimes, subjective factors, The essential, direct and indirect relationship between environmental pressure incentive factors is analyzed and compared. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: 1. The weak supervision, institutional defects and unhealthy atmosphere in the organizational factors are the important reasons for inducing and forming the motive of crime. There are three main levels of performance, the closest to the next level is the object to meet the needs of the subject, used by the subject, organizational factors relative to the needs of factors, has a clear role of pressure incentives, It has the power to stimulate and induce the necessary initiation and development direction, and it plays the final decisive role in the philosophical sense. The second level, relative to individual factors, the actor can dynamically internalize organizational factors into subjective factors, such as value orientation, personality characteristics and interpersonal tendency, by observing and learning organizational environmental factors, instead of strengthening them. And become the influence needs, motivation of the intermediary self-regulation elements. At the third level, the organizational factor is the necessary relevant condition for the crime motive to change into the criminal behavior. It influences the motive on the whole and macroscopic level, and takes the power encircling the scarce resources as the core, which provides all the opportunities for the crime of duty economy. (2) in the individual sense, the individual factors play a decisive role in the formation of the criminal motive, their lost personality, the value orientation of selfishness and wealth, the personality characteristics of risk-taking and default, the extroverted and expedient tendency to communicate needs the achievement; Power needs to play a significant role in mediating self-regulation and promoting the formation of corresponding motive of duty economy crime. On the one hand, power needs to accept the environmental pressure of organizational factors, on the other hand, it actively accepts the intermediary self-regulation of individual factors, which evolves from need to desire, and finally to the motive of crime of duty economy. 4. The organizational factors are centered on "power", the individual factors are "self", the need factors are "profit" as the center, and the interaction of the three centers forms the motive of economic crime of using power for personal gain. 5. The motive for job-related economic crimes is very complex, which includes three factors (irritable, dissatisfied, and justified), ten kinds of psychology (compensation for losses, return on investment, jealousy and comparison, conformity with the crowd, instant enjoyment, desperate bets, and common sense). The law does not blame the public, for the public has no past, lucky pass). On the basis of the discussion of the results, this study puts forward some questions and methods for further study.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：D917

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