我国劳动教养制度若干法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-10-23 19:32

【摘要】： 劳动教养作为我国特有的一种法律制度，自建立以来，历经多次修改补充，在不同的时期，在维护社会治安，稳定社会秩序，预防和减少犯罪，教育和挽救轻微犯罪人员等方面起到了积极作用。但随着我国社会主义建设不断取得进步，特别是改革开放二十多年的发展，我国社会各方面情况都发生了重大而深刻的变化，植根于当时历史条件下的劳动教养制度，因其难以克服的历史局限和传统经验束缚下的巨大惯性，在新世纪的法治背景下，原有的理论、制度、经验与模式的缺陷都日益凸现出来，无论在立法方面还是在管理模式方面，劳动教养制度与建设社会主义法治国家的总体要求都存在着诸多不适应之处。劳动教养工作要取得更大发展，就必须紧跟时代步伐，与时俱进，改革创新。关于劳动教养的改革，学者们提出了许多方案，文章在对一些有影响的观点进行评析的基础上提出了自己的观点。笔者认为，劳动教养立法必须跳出行政法和刑法之间“非此即彼”的思维模式，从中国的国情出发，建立一种全新的独立的制裁、处罚体系，它既不是行政处罚，也不是刑事处罚，与西方国家的保安处分也有原则的区别，，而是独具中国特色的“准刑事处罚”制度，称之为“强制教育矫治”制度。文章从五个部分进行了阐述：第一部分，概述劳动教养制度的历史沿革及现状。第二部分，对我国劳动教养制度的评析。首先分析了劳动教养目前存在的主要问题，即与我国基本法的冲突，与我国签订的国际条约的冲突，以及自身存在的合理性问题和程序正义性问题。其次，从维护社会治安秩序和保护大多数人的利益层面，以及有利于弥补我国法律制度的结构性缺失层面上分析了劳动教养存在的必要性。第三部分，与国外相关法律制度比较。分析了国外在处理相似问题上的做法，简单介绍并比较了轻罪制度，保安处分制度，少年司法制度。第四部分，改革劳动教养制度的几种观点及评析。主要介绍了我国学者目前关于改革劳动教养制度的几种观点，包括将未来的劳动教养轻罪化，劳动教养保安处分化，劳动教养对象分类分解化，劳动教养行政化。最后提出我个人的观点即，我国未来的劳动教养制度应实行准刑事处分化。第五部分，完善劳动教养制度的法律思考。首先分析了未来劳动教养的性质和名称，即将劳动教养从过去的行政处罚中分离出来，定性为独立于刑事处罚和行政处罚之外的独立的司法措施；其次，分析了未来劳动教养制度的价值取向和理论基点，未来的制度设计应坚持以人为本的价值取向；之后，从实体、程序和执行模式三个方面对劳动教养制度改革进行了全面的阐述。
[Abstract]:As a unique legal system in our country, reeducation through labor has been revised and supplemented many times since its establishment. In different periods, it has maintained public order, stabilized social order, prevented and reduced crime. Education and rescue of minor offenders have played a positive role. However, with the continuous progress of socialist construction in our country, especially the development of reform and opening up for more than 20 years, major and profound changes have taken place in all aspects of our society, rooted in the reeducation through labour system, which was rooted in historical conditions at that time. Under the background of the rule of law in the new century, the defects of the original theory, system, experience and model are increasingly emerging because of its insurmountable historical limitations and enormous inertia under the restraint of traditional experience. In the aspect of legislation and management mode, the system of reeducation through labor and the overall requirement of building a socialist country ruled by law have many inadaptability. To achieve greater development, we must keep pace with the times, reform and innovation. On the reform of reeducation through labor, scholars have put forward many plans, and the article has put forward its own views on the basis of analyzing some influential viewpoints. The author thinks that the legislation of re-education through labor must jump out of the mode of thinking between administrative law and criminal law, and set up a new and independent system of sanctions and punishment, which is neither an administrative punishment, nor an administrative punishment. It is not a criminal punishment, but a system of "quasi-criminal punishment" with Chinese characteristics, which is called "compulsory education correction" system. This paper expounds from five parts: the first part, summarizes the historical evolution and present situation of reeducation through labor system. The second part is the analysis of the system of reeducation through labor in China. First of all, it analyzes the main problems existing in reeducation through labor, namely, the conflict with the basic law of our country, the conflict of international treaties signed with our country, and the problems of rationality and procedural justice of our own existence. Secondly, this paper analyzes the necessity of the existence of reeducation through labor from the aspects of maintaining public order and protecting the interests of the majority of people, as well as helping to make up for the structural deficiency of our legal system. The third part, compares with the foreign related legal system. This paper analyzes the practice of dealing with similar problems in foreign countries and briefly introduces and compares the misdemeanor system, the security sanction system and the juvenile justice system. The fourth part, several viewpoints and comments on reforming the system of reeducation through labor. This paper mainly introduces the views of Chinese scholars on reforming the system of reeducation through labor, including the division of the future misdemeanours of reeducation through labor, the division of the security department of reeducation through labor, the classification and decomposition of the objects of reeducation through labor, and the administration of reeducation through labor. Finally, I put forward my personal view that our country's future reeducation through labor system should be carried out quasi-criminal punishment. The fifth part, perfect the legal thinking of reeducation through labor system. First, it analyzes the nature and the name of the future reeducation through labor, that is, the separation of reeducation through labour from the past administrative punishment, which is characterized as an independent judicial measure independent of the criminal punishment and administrative punishment. This paper analyzes the value orientation and theoretical basis of the system of reeducation through labor in the future, the design of the future system should adhere to the value orientation of people-oriented, and then, from the entity, The reform of reeducation through labor system is expounded in three aspects: procedure and execution mode.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D926.8

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