商鞅预防犯罪的思想及其现代价值

发布时间：2018-12-05 20:59

【摘要】：商鞅认为追名逐利的人性根本无法改变,这是犯罪的主观诱因。国力富强、民力抟集后,百姓容易产生懒惰、懈怠的情绪和奢侈、淫逸的行为。站在国家本位的立场上,商鞅主张必须通过战争的形式消耗掉人民集中起来的力量,将诱发犯罪的“毒素”转移到国外。在预防手段上,商鞅认为要顺从民欲,用利导鼓励百姓专心务农,用利诱鼓励百姓互相监督。要通过广泛深入的普法教育,形成人人自律的社会风尚和竦然守法的心理趋向。为了预防官吏犯罪,商鞅先见性地剖析了“同体监督”的天然弊端,他认为充分利用监督主体与监督客体之间的利益矛盾才是真正落实监督的关键。为了将刑罚的威慑功能发挥到极致,商鞅对重刑预防倍加推崇。为了对潜在的犯罪行为人进行心理强制以去除他们的犯罪动机,商鞅不惜使用各种残酷的重刑手段。但是商鞅忽视了人的社会属性,摈弃了伦理道德的社会教化和对国家政权的支撑作用,最终陷入了不崩不止的重刑主义和刑罚万能论。用法律控制人的思想和行为,用重刑威吓人的犯罪意图,这些预防手段虽然起到了一时的效果,但由于严重超出了人的承受能力,最终演变成为赤裸裸的暴力专政工具。在市场经济趋利的社会大背景下,刑罚和道德必须配合运用才能预防日益泛滥的职务犯罪。预防国家青年工作人员腐败,思想政治教育要主动出击,科学预测青年的消极心理,有针对性地建立思想政治“预警”机制。
[Abstract]:Shang Yang believes that the pursuit of fame and fortune of human nature can not be changed, this is the subjective cause of crime. Strong national strength, the people tend to produce lazy, lazy mood and luxury, lewd behavior. Standing on the stand of the state standard, Shang Yang argued that the people should be consumed by the form of war, and the "toxin" inducing crime should be transferred to foreign countries. In terms of preventive measures, Shang Yang believed that the people should obey their desires, encourage the people to concentrate on agriculture, and encourage them to supervise each other. It is necessary to form a social style of self-discipline and a psychological trend of abiding by the law through extensive and in-depth legal education. In order to prevent government officials from committing crimes, Shang Yang has analyzed the natural malpractice of "same body supervision" in a prescient way. He thinks that the key to implement supervision is to make full use of the contradiction of interests between the subject of supervision and the object of supervision. In order to exert the deterrent function of penalty to the extreme, Shang Yang highly praised the heavy penalty prevention. In order to force the potential perpetrators to remove their criminal motive, Shang Yang does not hesitate to use all kinds of cruel and severe punishment methods. However, Shang Yang ignored the social attributes of human beings, abandoned the social education of ethics and the supporting role of the state power, and finally fell into the doctrine of severe punishment and omnipotence of punishment. With the law to control people's thought and behavior, and to use severe punishment to intimidate people's criminal intent, these preventive measures have a temporary effect, but because they are seriously beyond the ability of people to bear, they finally become naked tools of violent dictatorship. Under the social background of market economy, punishment and morality must be applied in order to prevent the increasingly widespread crime of duty. To prevent the corruption of the national youth staff, ideological and political education should take the initiative to attack, scientifically predict the negative psychology of the youth, and establish the ideological and political "early warning" mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：D917.6

【共引文献】