文化冲突下的犯罪形成及防控机制研究
发布时间：2018-12-31 12:42
【摘要】： 犯罪从来不是一个独立的现象，它是相关因素互相作用的结果，同时它也与相关致因和导致的结果形成互动关系。当然，这种关系是有规律可寻的。只有通过理性的思考与实证的调研科学地认识了相关规律，才能从总体上有效调节和控制一社会犯罪的总体态势。 一般认为，对犯罪产生影响的因素非常复杂，包括人本身的生理、心理机制问题，社会各种外界因素对人的影响。随着人类文明的进步，人与人的交流与沟通更加频繁与高效，人类构建的各种管理、服务机构也更为复杂，人的社会化程度较之以往越来越高，同时人们对社会的依赖性相应也越来越强。因而社会中各种因素对人的行为的直接和间接的影响力都在无形之中成倍地增加，比如当今世界更加紧密、繁荣与激烈竞争的经济因素、更加富有争议的政治因素、更加受到狂热崇拜的宗教因素、更加面临危机的各地传统风俗等等。而作为这些因素的有机复合体——文化，自然而然地就在特定的时期与特定的犯罪形成了一种息息相关的关系。由于文化本身的历史性、地域性与包容性特征，决定了文化内涵的复杂性，即人类社会中总是一直存在和演变着各种各样的文化类型。在一定时空范围内，各种类型的文化之间或相互和谐或相互冲突，这种状态一直持续，伴随人类存在的始终。 从犯罪原因论的角度来看，犯罪产生于特定的文化。文化是同一人类群体在相当长的时间内形成的一种生活习惯的积淀，受制于特定的社会政治、宗教、经济、地理环境等因素。文化在人的社会化进程中起着非常重要的作用，一方面，它形成并发展着人们稳定的同质价值观，另一方面，社会中又必然同时存在着大量多元的异质文化，导致价值观念冲突，影响着人们在不同的价值取向下的作为或不作为。在一个相对领域内的文化群体中，当特定个体深受亚文化、异质文化的熏染时，其行为必然会违反多数人所认可的主流方式，而在行为上呈现出反社会性。在彼此不断的冲突中，被一种文化群体认可但不能被主文化体或人类社会所认同的“犯罪文化”及其犯罪行为便由此产生，当法律将这些行为加以禁止性规定时，便成为犯罪。 从犯罪与文化的互动关系来看，犯罪与文化总是处于相互影响之中，哪一方的波动都可能引发对方的变化。我们既可以发现各种可能导致违法犯罪的文化因素自身存在着内部之间的联系，如文化冲突中各种文化的此起彼伏、此消彼长；也能够看到，犯罪与这些文化形成不宜为人所察觉的互动关系，如文化的变迁引发新的犯罪定义并消除一些已为人们容忍或成为社会发展一部分的原先的犯罪，而犯罪行为对一地区的人文风气从消极方面来看会产生不同程度的侵蚀，从积极方面来看却也可能会对社会科技和法治的进步提供一定的刺激。研究发现，各种文化因素中，对犯罪影响较大或者说更容易与犯罪相联系的文化现象表现为移民文化冲突、亚文化群和个人激进文化主义等。在移民产生的文化冲突中，既会引发移入者的文化不适，也会导致本地居民的困惑和内心冲突，进而引发误解型与冲突型违法犯罪：与主流文化相对应的亚文化群则通过特殊认同的团体集结的形式，更容易受到青少年的青睐，特别是借助当今网络力量，使许多自制力不强、有越轨思想或行为的人更加深陷其中难以自拔，而逐渐走向违法犯罪的边缘；个人激进文化代表的往往是一种特定方面未来文化的发展方向，但是在一定时期和范围内，这种超前的理念和行为方式一般不能被公众所认同，有时甚至会因妨害他人或传统社会秩序而被认定为违法犯罪。 从犯罪预防的角度来看，仅仅对犯罪进行事后的刑事惩罚是远远不够的，治理违法犯罪的关键在于调整易于引发犯罪的相关社会因素并通过社会政策影响和生物药理治疗来矫治部分人群的不良人格。德国教育刑大师李斯特教授早就说过，，最好的社会政策就是最好的刑事政策。因而，在认识到文化因素作为犯罪根本原因、文化与犯罪的互动关系，尤其是文化冲突与亚文化对犯罪的影响时，我们就要利用发现的规律，通过文化政策对文化因素的调整，达到彻底预防和矫治犯罪的目的。如当前我国政府所提倡的和谐文化思想，在犯罪预防方面就起到了通过化解过于激烈的文化冲突进而减少相关犯罪(如暴力犯罪)的积极作用。
[Abstract]:The crime is never an independent phenomenon, it is the result of the interaction of the relevant factors, and it also forms an interactive relationship with the result of the relevant cause and the result. Of course, this relationship is a rule that can be found. Only through rational thinking and empirical research, the general situation of a society crime can be effectively adjusted and controlled. It is generally considered that the factors that have an impact on the crime are very complex, including the human's own physiological, psychological mechanism and various external factors. With the progress of human civilization, people's communication and communication with people are more frequent and efficient, the various management and service institutions of human construction are more complex, and the degree of socialization of people is higher and higher than in the past, and the dependence of people on society As a result, the direct and indirect influence of various factors on human behavior in society has increased exponentially, such as the more compact, prosperous and competitive economic factors in the world today, the more controversial political factors, and the cult worship. Religious factors that are more exposed to the crisis. As an organic complex _ culture of these factors, the organic complex _ culture, as these factors, naturally forms an interest-bearing interest in a specific period of time and a specific crime Due to the historical, regional and inclusive character of the culture itself, the complexity of the cultural connotation is determined, that is, the human society has always existed and evolved in various ways The type of culture. In a range of time and space, various types of cultures, or from one another, or from one another, have continued, with humanity. All the time. From the point of view of the theory of crime, A culture is the accumulation of a living habit formed by the same human group in a considerable period of time, subject to specific social and political, religious, The culture plays a very important role in the process of people's socialization, on the one hand, it forms and develops the people's stable and homogenous values, on the other hand, there is a large number of heterogeneous heterogeneous in the society Culture, resulting in value conflicts, affecting people at different prices The act or omission of the value orientation. In a cultural group in a relative domain, when a particular individual is deeply influenced by the subculture and the foreign culture, the behavior of the specific individual must be in violation of the dominant mode recognized by the majority. The 鈥渢he culture of crime鈥
本文编号：2396604
[Abstract]:The crime is never an independent phenomenon, it is the result of the interaction of the relevant factors, and it also forms an interactive relationship with the result of the relevant cause and the result. Of course, this relationship is a rule that can be found. Only through rational thinking and empirical research, the general situation of a society crime can be effectively adjusted and controlled. It is generally considered that the factors that have an impact on the crime are very complex, including the human's own physiological, psychological mechanism and various external factors. With the progress of human civilization, people's communication and communication with people are more frequent and efficient, the various management and service institutions of human construction are more complex, and the degree of socialization of people is higher and higher than in the past, and the dependence of people on society As a result, the direct and indirect influence of various factors on human behavior in society has increased exponentially, such as the more compact, prosperous and competitive economic factors in the world today, the more controversial political factors, and the cult worship. Religious factors that are more exposed to the crisis. As an organic complex _ culture of these factors, the organic complex _ culture, as these factors, naturally forms an interest-bearing interest in a specific period of time and a specific crime Due to the historical, regional and inclusive character of the culture itself, the complexity of the cultural connotation is determined, that is, the human society has always existed and evolved in various ways The type of culture. In a range of time and space, various types of cultures, or from one another, or from one another, have continued, with humanity. All the time. From the point of view of the theory of crime, A culture is the accumulation of a living habit formed by the same human group in a considerable period of time, subject to specific social and political, religious, The culture plays a very important role in the process of people's socialization, on the one hand, it forms and develops the people's stable and homogenous values, on the other hand, there is a large number of heterogeneous heterogeneous in the society Culture, resulting in value conflicts, affecting people at different prices The act or omission of the value orientation. In a cultural group in a relative domain, when a particular individual is deeply influenced by the subculture and the foreign culture, the behavior of the specific individual must be in violation of the dominant mode recognized by the majority. The 鈥渢he culture of crime鈥
本文编号：2396604
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